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America’s New Dietary Advice Trying to get Americans

游客2023-12-11  19
问题                         America’s New Dietary Advice
    Trying to get Americans to eat a healthy diet is a frustrating business. Even the best-designed public-health campaigns cannot seem to compete with the tempting flavours of the snack-food and fast-food industries and their fat-and sugar-loaded products. The results are apparent on a walk down any American street—more than 60 % of Americans are overweight, and a full quarter of them are overweight to the point of obesity.
    Now, health advocates say, an ill-conceived redesign has taken one of the more successful publichealth campaigns—the Food Guide Pyramid—and rendered it confusing to the point of uselessness. Some of these critics worry that America’s Department of Agriculture caved in to pressure from parts of the food industry anxious to protect their products.
    The Food Guide Pyramid was a graphic which emphasizes that a healthy diet is built on a base of grains, vegetables and fruits, followed by ever-decreasing amounts of dairy products, meat, sweets and oils. The agriculture department launched the pyramid in 1992 to replace its previous programme, which was centred on the idea of four basic food groups. The " Basic Four" campaign showed a plate divided into quarters, and seemed to imply that meat and dairy products should make up half of a healthy diet, with grains, fruits and vegetables making up the other half. It was replaced only over the strenuous objections of the meat and dairy industries.
    The old pyramid was undoubtedly imperfect. It failed to distinguish between a doughnut and a whole-grain roll, or a hamburger and a skinless chicken breast, and it did not make clear exactly how much of each foodstuff to eat. It did, however, manage to convey the basic idea of proper proportions in an easily understandable way. The new pyramid, called "My Pyramid", has been simplified to a mere logo. The food groups are replaced with unlabelled, multicoloured vertical stripes. Anyone who wants to see how this translates into a healthy diet is invited to go to a website, put in their age, sex and activity level, and get a custom-designed pyramid, complete with healthy food choices and suggested portion sizes. This is fine for those who are motivated, but might prove too much effort for those who most need such information.
    Admittedly, the designers of the new pyramid had a tough job to do. They were supposed to condense the advice in the 84-page United States’ Dietary Guidelines into a simple, meaningful graphic suitable for printing on the back pf a cereal box. Nevertheless, many health advocates believe the new graphic is a missed opportunity. On the other hand, it is not clear how much good even the best graphic could do. Surveys found that 80% of Americans recognized the old Food Guide Pyramid—a big success in the world of public-health campaigns. Yet only 16% followed its advice. [br] What can we learn from the text?
选项 A、Health advocates think that the old pyramid is a success.
B、The food industry agrees on being against the old pyramid.
C、Basic Four focuses on the equal importance of every food.
D、The new pyramid is likely to win wide acceptance.
答案 A
解析 本题考查综合事实细节。第二段首句提到，健康提倡者认为新的食物金字塔取代了更成功的公共健康运动之一——膳食指南金字塔，使它令人困惑到毫无用处的程度。由此可知他们认为旧的食物金字塔是成功的，因此[A]正确。第二段第二句提到，批评者担心新的食物金字塔的设计是因为食品行业各部门的压力，但由此不能推知食品行业对旧的食物金字塔的态度。第三段末句也只提到肉类工业和奶制品工业对“基本四组"的反对。[B]无从推知。从第三段可知，“基本四组”运动暗示肉类和奶制品应该占健康饮食的一半，而谷物、水果和蔬菜占另一半，这只是说明这几组基础类食物的重要性相同，而非“每种食物”，排除[C]。由第二段中“健康提倡者的极力批评”和第四段末作者“太费事”的评价，可以推知[D]不正确。
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