首页
登录
职称英语
Joseph Machlis says that the blues is a native American musical and verse fo
Joseph Machlis says that the blues is a native American musical and verse fo
游客
2023-12-10
33
管理
问题
Joseph Machlis says that the blues is a native American musical and verse form, with no direct European and African antecedents of which we know. In other words, it is a blending of both traditions. Something special and entirely different from either of its parent traditions. (Although Alan Lomax cites some examples of very similar songs having been found in Northwest Africa, particularly among the Wolof and Watusi)
The word ’blue’ has been associated with the idea of melancholia or depression since the Elizabethan era. The American writer, Washington Irving is credited with coining the term’ the blues,’ as it is now defined, in 1807. The earlier (almost entirely Negro) history of the blues musical tradition is traced through oral tradition as far back as the 1860s.
When African and European music first began to merge to create what eventually became the blues, the slaves sang songs filled with words telling of their extreme suffering and privation. One of the many responses to their oppressive environment resulted in the field holler. The field holler gave rise to the spiritual, and the blues, "notable among all human works of art for their profound despair... They gave voice to the mood of alienation and anomie that prevailed in the construction camps of the South," for it was in the Mississippi Delta that blacks were often forcibly conscripted to work on the levee and land-clearing crews, where they were often abused and then tossed aside or worked to death.
Alan Lore, ax states that the blues tradition was considered to be a masculine discipline (although some of the first blues songs heard by whites were sung by ’lady’ blues singers like Mamie Smith and Bessie Smith) and not many black women were to be found singing the blues in the juke-joints. The Southern prisons also contributed considerably to the blues tradition through work songs and the songs of death row and murder, prostitutes, the warden, the hot sun, and a hundred other privations. The prison road crews and work gangs where were many bluesmen found their songs, and where many other blacks simply became familiar with the same songs.
Following the Civil War (according to Rolling Stone), the blues arose as "a distillate of the African music brought over by slaves. Field hollers, ballads, church music and rhythmic dance tunes called jump-ups evolved into a music for a singer who would engage in call-and-response with his guitar. He would sing a line, and the guitar would answer it." By the 1890s the blues were sung in many of the rural areas of the South. And by 1910, the word ’blues’ as applied to the musical tradition was in fairly common use.
Some ’bluesologists’ claim (rather dubiously) that the first blues song that was ever written down was ’Dallas Blues,’ published in 1912 by Hart Wand, a white violinist from Oklahoma City. The blues form was first popularized about 1911-14 by the black composer W.C. Handy (1873-1958). However, the poetic and musical form of the blues first crystallized around 1910 and gained popularity through the publication of Handy’s "Memphis Blues" (1912) and "St. Louis Blues" (1914). Instrumental blues had been recorded as early as 1913. Mantle Smith recorded the first vocal blues song, ’Crazy Blues’ in 1920. Priestly claims that while the widespread popularity of the blues had a vital influence on subsequent jazz, it was the "initial popularity of jazz which had made possible the recording of blues in the first place, and thus made possible the absorption of blues into both jazz as well as the mainstream of pop music."
American troops brought the blues home with them following the First World War. They did not, of course, learn them from Europeans, but from Southern whites who had been exposed to the blues. At this time, the U.S. Army was still segregated. During the twenties, the blues became a national craze. Records by leading blues singers like Bessie Smith and later, in the thirties, Billie Holiday, sold in the millions. The twenties also saw the blues become a musical form more widely used by jazz instrumentalists as well as blues singers.
选项
A、It came from African tradition
B、American natives created the blues independently
C、It was associated with the idea of mental diseases
D、It was actually affected by the two traditions
答案
D
解析
在第一段中第二句话讲到,布鲁斯是欧洲和非洲传统的混合物,同时也是土生土长的美国人的音乐和韵文形式,答案A将其归类为源自于非洲,是错误的;答案B则认为布鲁斯完全是本土美国人独立创造的,否定了外来文化传统的影响,故错误,第二段第一句话讲到,蓝色(blue)自伊丽莎白时代开始,就是同精神抑郁或低落沮丧联系在一起的,答案C则把它说成是同精神疾病相联系的,故也不正确I而D则准确描述了布鲁斯受到两种传统的影响。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3261308.html
相关试题推荐
TherapiddevelopmentofAmericaneconomyaftertheCivilWarwasdueto______.A
The"firstAmericans"were______.A、theBlackSlavesB、thePilgrimsC、theIndians
ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom______.A、EnglandandGermanyB
OneofthesignsoftheawakeningoftheAmericanIndiansis______.A、thereappea
ThePlantagenetdynastywasfoundedby______.A、HenryIB、HenryIIC、KingJoseph
TheAmericanPresidentduringtheSecondWorldWarwas______.A、AndrewJacksonB、
DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremore
DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremore
DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremore
DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremore
随机试题
AfamilydoctorchargedtheNightHomeService(NHS)morethan£500,000in
Theyoungsoldierwas______woundedinthewaranddiedafewdayslater.A、gradu
下列哪一个选项属于条件反射()A.眨眼反射 B.吮吸反射 C.防御反射
A.碳酸酐酶 B.假性胆碱酯酶 C.两者均有 D.两者均无肾小管上皮细胞存
统计调查中获得的能够识别或者推断单个统计调查对象身份的资料,任何单位和个人不得对
()是指每单位销售收入所产生的利润。A.销售利润 B.销售利润率 C.净利
A. B. C. D.
在公路技术等级分类中,折合小客车年平均昼夜交通量在25000辆以上、专供汽车镤用
MMPI是一种A.智力测验 B.人格测验 C.特殊能力测验 D.职业倾向测
中枢性抗胆碱作用最强的是A.后马托品 B.东莨菪碱 C.丙胺太林 D.阿托
最新回复
(
0
)