首页
登录
职称英语
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity an
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity an
游客
2023-12-09
41
管理
问题
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for leaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.
Every code of etiquette has contained three elements; basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.
In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzania, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission.
Practical rules arc helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rob the spit inconspicuously underfoot.
Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted Women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France. Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today
In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did trot have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name.
Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. [br] According to the writer, part of chivalry is that ______.
选项
A、the knight should return to his castle and live there
B、the knight should be valiant enough to marry the lady
C、the knight should keep his love for the lady in secret fill his death
D、the knight should only have a courtly love with the lady
答案
D
解析
第五段中提到The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades,但不等于说他们只有住在那里才会有骑士精神,所以A不对。He (knight) would never come physically close to her,所以B不对。a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady,所以C不对。D答案中的courtly love指的就是romantic love,或者说spiritual love,所以选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3259233.html
相关试题推荐
WhenGermanyinvadedPoland,BritainandFrancedeclaredwaronGermany.The
WhenGermanyinvadedPoland,BritainandFrancedeclaredwaronGermany.The
WhenGermanyinvadedPoland,BritainandFrancedeclaredwaronGermany.The
WhenGermanyinvadedPoland,BritainandFrancedeclaredwaronGermany.The
WhenGermanyinvadedPoland,BritainandFrancedeclaredwaronGermany.The
WhenGermanyinvadedPoland,BritainandFrancedeclaredwaronGermany.The
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
WheredidtheexplosionhappeninFrance?[originaltext]Anexplosionatanu
In1812,theUnitedStatesfoughtthefirstwarwithA、France.B、Britain.C、Spain
随机试题
Theoriginoflanguageis______.[br]Agreatwriterisonewho______.A、hasgr
______workhasbeendonetoimprovepeople’slivingstandard.A、ManyB、Agreatm
The______betweenthetwopostsmeasuresthirtymeters.A、pauseB、intervalC、reces
OSPF将路由器连接的物理网络划分为以下4种类型,以太网属于(本题),X.2
细菌性肝脓肿的病原菌侵入肝脏的途径不包括A.胆道系统 B.门静脉系统 C.肝
对MG诊断具有特异性的是A.抗AChR抗体阳性B.AKA阳性C.ASMA阳性D.
结构类型属于氮芥类抗肿瘤药物的是A:白消安 B:甲氨蝶呤 C:氟尿嘧啶 D
对于事件因素的分析主要是拿()做比较。A.预期 B.实际 C.当期结果
下列关于来源地税收管辖权的判定标准,可适用于非独立个人劳务所得的是()。A.固
在评标过程中,评标委员会可以要求投标人对投标文件有关文件作出必要澄清、说明和补充
最新回复
(
0
)