首页
登录
职称英语
(1)Do you ever feel as though you spend all your time in meetings? (2)He
(1)Do you ever feel as though you spend all your time in meetings? (2)He
游客
2023-12-03
44
管理
问题
(1)Do you ever feel as though you spend all your time in meetings?
(2)Henry Mintzberg, in his book The Nature of Managerial Work, found that in large organizations managers spent 22 per cent of their time at their desk, 6 per cent on the telephone, 3 per cent on other activities, but a whopping 69 per cent in meetings.
(3)There is a widely-held but mistaken belief that meetings are for "solving problems" and "making decisions." For a start, the number of people attending a meeting tends to be inversely proportional to their collective ability to reach conclusions and make decisions. And these are the least important elements.
(4)Instead hours are devoted to side issues, playing elaborate games with one another. It seems, therefore, that meetings serve some purpose other than just making decisions.
(5)All meetings have one thing in common: role-playing. The most formal role is that of chairman. He sets the agenda, and a good chairman will keep the meeting running on time and to the point. Sadly, the other, informal, role-players are often able to gain the upper hand. Chief is the "constant talker", who just loves to hear his or her own voice.
(6)Then there are the "can’t do" types who want to maintain the status quo. Since they have often been in the organization for a long time, they frequently quote historical experience as an excuse to block change: "It won’t work, we tried that last year and it was a disaster." A more subtle version of the "can’t do" type, the "yes, but...," has emerged recently. They have learnt about the need to sound positive, but they still can’t bear to have things change.
(7)Another whole sub-set of characters are people who love meetings and want them to continue until 5:30 pm or beyond. Irrelevant issues are their speciality. They need to call or attend meetings, either to avoid work, or to justify their lack of performance, or simply because they do not have enough to do.
(8)Then there are the "counter-dependents", those who usually disagree with everything that is said, particularly if it comes from the chairman or through consensus from the group. These people need to fight authority in whatever form.
(9)Meetings can also provide attenders with a sense of identification of their status and power. In this case, managers arrange meetings as a means of communicating to others the boundaries of their exclusive club: who is "in", and who is not.
(10)Because so many meetings end in confusion and without a decision, another game is played at the end of meetings, called reaching a false consensus. Since it is important for the chairman to appear successful in problem-solving and making a decision, the group reaches a false consensus. Everyone is happy, having spent their time productively. The reality is that the decision is so ambiguous that it is never acted upon, or, if it is, there is continuing conflict, for which another meeting is necessary.
(11)In the end, meetings provide the opportunity for social intercourse, to engage in battle in front of our bosses, to avoid unpleasant or unsatisfying work, to highlight our social status and identity. They are, in fact, a necessary though not necessarily productive psychological sideshow. Perhaps it is our civilized way to moderating, if not preventing, change. [br] What does "these" in the last sentence of the third paragraph refer to?
选项
答案
To solve problems and make decisions.
解析
第3段开头就说,“一种普遍但错误的观点认为,开会的目的是解决问题、做出决策”,然后作者用For astart和And分别引出两个论据:开会人数与集体的决策能力成反比;“这些”是最不重要的因素。因此,这里的“这些”指“错误观点”所认可的会议目的:解决问题、做出决策,故答案可表述为To solve problems and makedecisions。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3240422.html
相关试题推荐
ThisiscensusyearinAmerica,andalthoughwehesitatetopre-empttheres
ThisiscensusyearinAmerica,andalthoughwehesitatetopre-empttheres
TheAmericanDream:MythorReality?Thoughtheterm"Ameri
TheAmericanDream:MythorReality?Thoughtheterm"Ameri
TheAmericanDream:MythorReality?Thoughtheterm"Ameri
TheAmericanDream:MythorReality?Thoughtheterm"Ameri
TheAmericanDream:MythorReality?Thoughtheterm"Ameri
TheAmericanDream:MythorReality?Thoughtheterm"Ameri
TheAmericanDream:MythorReality?Thoughtheterm"Ameri
(1)Doyoueverfeelasthoughyouspendallyourtimeinmeetings?(2)He
随机试题
【S1】[br]【S6】L空中应填一形容词作裹语,修饰thepeopleplanningtheattacks,根据and后的句子推断,恐怖袭击的策划
Humansaresocialanimals,andmostofustreasureourrelationshipswithfa
关系规范化在数据库设计的()阶段进行。A.需求分析 B.概念设计 C.逻辑
某患者,因左上腹不适、腹痛、腹胀、恶心、便秘、呼吸困难等症入院,经查诊断为脾脏肿
杨先生今年45岁,打算60岁退休,考虑到通货膨胀,退休后每年生活费需要10万元,
下列过程中,不直接依赖细胞膜的流动性就能完成的是( )。A.植物体胞杂交中原生
有形资产净值债务率与下列()因素有关。A:无形资产净值B:无形资产总额C:股
与病毒感染相关的疾患是( )。A.急性化脓性腮腺炎 B.慢性复发性腮腺炎
农产品质量不安全的主要来源有()。A.物理性污染 B.化学性污染 C.天然
下列公路施工企业类别中,包含“三级资质”企业等级的有()。A.公路工程施工总承
最新回复
(
0
)