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  3. (1)Humans are damaging the planet at an unprecedented rate and raising risks

(1)Humans are damaging the planet at an unprecedented rate and raising risks

游客2023-12-03  22
问题     (1)Humans are damaging the planet at an unprecedented rate and raising risks of abrupt collapses in nature mat could spur disease, deforestation or "dead zones" in me seas, an international report said on Wednesday.
    (2)The study, by 1,360 experts in 95 nations, said a rising human population had polluted or over-exploited two-thirds of the ecological systems on which life depends, ranging from clean air to fresh water, in me past 50 years. "At the heart of this assessment is a stark warning," said the 45-member board of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. "Human activity is putting such strain on the natural functions of Earth that the ability of me planet’s ecosystems to sustain future generations can no longer be taken for granted," it said.
    (3)Ten to 30 percent of mammal, bird and amphibian species were already threatened with extinction, according to the assessment, the biggest review of the planet’s life support systems. "Over the past 50 years, humans have changed ecosystems more rapidly and extensively than in any comparable time in human history, largely to meet rapidly growing demands for food, fresh water, timber, fibre and fuel," the report said. "This has resulted in a substantial and largely irreversible loss in the diversity of life on earth," it added. More land was changed to cropland since 1945, for instance, man in the 18m and 19th centuries combined.
    (4)"The harmful consequences of this degradation could grow significantly worse in me next 50 years," it said. The report was compiled by experts, including from UN agencies and international scientific and development organizations.
    (5)UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said me study "shows how human activities are causing environmental damage on a massive scale throughout the world, and how biodiversity—the very basis for life on earth—is declining at an alarming rate." The report said there was evidence mat strains on nature could trigger abrupt changes like the collapse of cod fisheries off Newfoundland in Canada in 1992 after years of over-fishing.
    (6)Future changes could bring sudden outbreaks of disease. Warming of the Great Lakes in Africa due to(3)But that’s only if you don’t overdo it, and that’s the part that often trips up peanut lovers. There are 14 grams of fat in one serving of peanuts, which is only one ounce. A handful can have up to 200 calories. "The problem is that the portions need to be low so you don’t overconsume the calories—that’s where the public has a disconnect," said Madelyn Fernstrom, director of the Weight Management Center at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. "It’s a well-spent 200 calories if you can limit it to that. The problem is volume. It’s very hard to have a small serving of peanuts, meaning a small handful."
    (4)When peanuts were out of favor in the last decade, American consumers seemed to overlook the respectable list of nutrients—vitamin E, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and minerals such as copper, phosphorous, potassium, zinc and magnesium. They also are a good source of fiber and protein. Peanuts also have a small amount of resveratrol, the antioxidant in red wine that has been linked to the "French Paradox" —a low incidence of heart disease among the French, despite their love of cheese and other high-fat foods. Research at several universities suggests peanuts may help prevent heart disease, that they can lower bad cholesterol and that they can help with weight loss, possibly by making people feel satisfied so they eat less overall. One Harvard study showed an association between peanut butter consumption and a reduced risk of diabetes. Even the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has authorized a qualified health claim for peanuts and some tree nuts. Producers can say they may reduce their risk of heart disease by eating 1.5 ounces daily.
    (5)Anna Resurreccion, a University of Georgia food scientist, has focused her research on the resveratrol found in peanuts. By subjecting the nuts to stress—slicing the kernels, or subjecting them to ultrasound—the resveratrol level greatly surpassed that found in red wine, she said. This development opens the door for new products, such as enhanced peanut butter that could offer even more health benefits and serve as a way to get resveratrol into children’s diets, she said. "Young children can’t very well drink wine," Resurrecction said. "But most of them love peanut butter and peanut snack foods." [br] The rhetorical device in the sentence of the first paragraph "Peanuts, a dietary outcast during the fat-phobic 1990s, have made a comeback..." is _____.
选项 A、personification
B、simile
C、metaphor
D、contrast
答案 C
解析 该句意为“在人们对脂肪满怀恐惧的上世纪90年代，花生成了食品中的弃儿。现在，它又盛行起来……”。可见这里将花生比喻成弃儿，且未出现比喻词like，as，因此是暗喻(metaphor)，故选C。
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