首页
登录
职称英语
(1) Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thur
(1) Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thur
游客
2023-12-02
18
管理
问题
(1) Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday they had shown how the AIDS virus originated in wild apes in Cameroon and then spread in humans across Africa and eventually the world. Their study, published in the journal Science, supports other studies that suggest people somehow caught the deadly human immunodeficiency virus (HTV) from chimpanzees, perhaps by killing and eating them.
(2) "It says that the chimpanzee group that gave rise to HIV... this chimp community resides in Cameroon," said Beatrice Hahn of the University of Alabama, who led the study. "But that doesn’t mean the epidemic originated there because it didn’t," Hahn, who has been studying the genetic origin of HIV for years, said in a telephone interview.
(3) "We actually know where the epidemic took off. The epidemic took off in Kinshasa, in Brazzaville." Kinshasa is in the Democratic Republic Congo, formerly Zaire, and faces Brazzaville, in Congo, across the Congo River. Studies have traced HIV to a man who gave a blood sample in 1959 in Kinshasa, then called Leopoldville. Later analysis found the AIDS virus.
(4) In people, HIV leads to AIDS but chimps have a version called simian immune deficiency virus (SIV) that causes them no harm. Humans are the only animals naturally susceptible to HIV. AIDS was only identified 25 years ago. The virus now infects 40 million people around the world and has killed 25 million. Spread in blood, sexual contact and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding, HIV has no cure and there is no vaccine, although drug cocktails can control it.
(5) And like so many new infections, AIDS appears to have been passed to humans from animals they slaughtered. SIV has been found in captive chimps but Hahn wanted to show it could be found in the wild too. Her international team got the cooperation of the government in Cameroon and they hired skilled trackers.
(6) "The chimps in that area are hunted. It’s certainly impossible to see them. It is hard to track them and find these materials," she said. But the trackers managed to collect 599 samples of droppings. Hahn’s lab found DNA, identified each individual chimp and then found evidence of the virus.
(7) "We went to 10 field sites and we found evidence of infection in five. We were able to identify a total of 16 infected chimps and we were able to get viral sequences from all of them," Hahn said. Up to 35 percent of the apes in some communities were infected. Not only that, they could find different varieties, called clades, of the virus.
(8) "We found some of the clades were really, really very closely related to the human virus and others were not," she said. Chimps separated by a river were infected with different clades, Hahn said. And a river may have carried the virus into the human population. "So how do you get from southern Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of Congo?" Hahn asked. "Some human must have done so. There is a river that goes from that southeastern corner of Cameroon down to the Congo River."
(9) Ivory and hardwood traders used the Sangha River in the 1930s, when the original human-to-human transmission is believed to have happened. Hahn’s study suggests the virus passed from chimpanzees to people more than once. "We don’t really know how these transmissions occurred," Hahn said.
(10) "We know that you don’t get it petting a chimp, or from a toilet seat, just like you can’t get HIV from a toilet seat. It requires exposure to infected blood and infected body fluids. So if you get bitten by an angry chimp while you are hunting it, which could do it."
(11) Hahn’s study only applies the HIV group M, which is the main strain of the virus responsible for the AIDS pandemic. "It’s quite possible that still other (chimpanzee SIV) lineages exist that could pose risks for human infection and prove problematic for HIV diagnostic and vaccines," her team wrote. [br] According to the passage, HIV is spread through all the following EXCEPT _____.
选项
A、blood
B、sexual contact
C、breastfeeding
D、a toilet seat
答案
D
解析
从第4段最后一句看出,HIV可通过血液、性接触、母婴、哺乳等方式传播,很明显D项不包括在内,故选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3239166.html
相关试题推荐
ArecentstudybyGermanresearcherspresentsthepossibilityof"carbonfa
ArecentstudybyGermanresearcherspresentsthepossibilityof"carbonfa
[originaltext]Now,listentoPartTwooftheinterview.W:Right.Researchers
[originaltext]Now,listentoPartTwooftheinterview.W:Right.Researchers
PASSAGETHREE[br]Whatdoestheexperimentconductedbyresearchersinparagrap
PASSAGETWO[br]Whatisthepossibleattitudeofresearcherstowardstheanthro
(1)ResearcherswhopickedupandanalyzedwildchimpdroppingssaidonThur
(1)ResearcherswhopickedupandanalyzedwildchimpdroppingssaidonThur
Timesamplingmeansthatresearcherschoosevarioustimeintervalsfortheir
Timesamplingmeansthatresearcherschoosevarioustimeintervalsfortheir
随机试题
()投资策略()住宅[br]()商业区(
初中英语语音 一、考题回顾 题目来源:5月19日上午上海市面试考题
塑料泡沫根据火灾发展系数,它的火焰蔓延分级应确定为()。A.极快 B.
关于柴油发电机房储油间的设计要求,错误的是哪一项?( )A.储油间的总储油量不
下列哪项规律影响了中国古代城市的发展形态?( )A.由沿海城市带动内陆城市发展
具有下列标志时,可以认为滑坡处于复活阶段,其中不正确的是()。A.边坡各不同
继发性扁桃体术后出血是指A.术后48小时 B.术后72小时 C.术后4~5天
引起狂乱的是()。A.痰阻于肺B.痰阻于心C.痰火扰心D.痰迷心窍E.痰停于胃
商业银行专门信息科技管理委员会的成员代表不包括( )。A.高级管理层的代表
一般资料:求助者,女性,28岁,公司职员。 案例介绍:求助者是独生女,漂亮高雅
最新回复
(
0
)