首页
登录
职称英语
Planning a Writing LessonI. What is a genre—various in
Planning a Writing LessonI. What is a genre—various in
游客
2023-12-02
23
管理
问题
Planning a Writing Lesson
I. What is a genre
—various in kind
—features of genre: layout, formality level, language
—variation between【T1】______【T1】______
II. Stages of a writing lesson
A. Generating ideas
—importance of learners’ own ideas
—e. g. a complaint letter
—thinking about a situation
—comparing ideas in【T2】______【T2】______
—presenting the best ideas to the class
B. Focusing ideas
—【T3】______of relevant ideas【T3】______
—method:
—putting ideas into a(n)【T4】______【T4】______
—writing continuously without worrying about grammar, punctuation or
【T5】______【T5】______
C. Focusing on a model text
—purpose:
—to find appropriate【T6】______【T6】______
—to raise awareness of genres’【T7】______【T7】______
—method: model text examination
—identifying【T8】______and language from examples of a genre【T8】______
—replacing the【T9】______according to the organization of the essay【T9】______
D. Organizing ideas
—【T10】______drafting【T10】______
—ideas grouping
E. Modifying the manuscript
—informing students【T11】______whether to revise or not【T11】______
—focusing more on a(n)【T12】______other than the teacher【T12】______
—incorporating【T13】______comments【T13】______
F. Writing the final draft
—check of【T14】______【T14】______
III. Conclusion
—learners’ own ideas applied within a certain genre
—sense of【T15】______【T15】______ [br] 【T8】
Planning a Writing Lesson
Good morning, everyone. Today we’ll talk about how to plan a writing lesson. Writing, unlike speaking, is not an ability we acquire naturally, even in our first language. It needs a process of learning and practicing. Unless the second language learners are explicitly taught how to write in the new language, their writing skills are likely to get left behind as their speaking progresses. But teaching writing is not just about grammar, spelling, or the mechanics of the Roman alphabet. Learners also need to be aware of and use the conventions of the genre in the new language.
First of all, we have to make it clear what a genre is. A genre can be anything from a menu to a wedding invitation, from a newspaper article to an estate agent’s description of a house. Pieces of writing of the same genre share some features, in terms of layout, level of formality, and language.(1)However, a genre may vary considerably between cultures, and even adult learners familiar with a range of genre in their first language need to learn to use the conventions of those genre in English.
In general, there are a couple of stages involved in the product of writing in accordance with a specific genre. I don’t necessarily include all these stages in every writing lesson, and the emphasis given to each stage may differ according to the genre of the writing and the time available.
As is often the case, to inspire learners to formulate their ideas is the first stage of a process approach to writing. Even when producing a piece of writing of a highly conventional genre, such as a letter of complaint, using own ideas can make the writing more memorable and meaningful. Before writing a letter of complaint, learners think about a situation when they have complained about faulty goods or bad service or have felt like complaining, and tell a partner. As the first stage of preparing to write an essay, I give learners the essay title and pieces of scrap paper.(2)They have 3 minutes to work alone, writing one idea on each piece of paper, before comparing in groups. Each group can then present their 3 best ideas to the class.
(3)Then, there is another stage taken from a process approach, and it involves thinking about which of the many ideas generated are the most important or relevant, and perhaps taking a particular point of view.(4)As part of the essay-writing process, students in groups put the ideas generated in the previous stage into a mind map. The teacher then draws a mind map on the board, using ideas from the different groups. At this stage he/she can also feed in some useful collocations. This gives the learners the tools to better express their own ideas.(5)I tell my students to write individually for about 10 minutes, without stopping and without worrying about grammar or punctuation. If they don’t know a particular word, they write it in their first language. This often helps learners to further develop some of the ideas used during this stage.
(6)Once the students have got their own ideas, and thought about which are the most important or relevant, I try to give them the tools to express those ideas in the most appropriate way.(7)The examination of model texts is often prominent in product or genre approaches to writing, and will help raise awareness of the conventions of typical texts of different genres in English.(8)I give learners in groups several examples of a genre, and they use a genre analysis form to identify the features and language they have in common. This raises their awareness of the features of the genre and gives them some language ’ chunks’ they can use in their own writing.(9)Learners are given an essay with the topic sentences taken out, and put them back in the right place. This raises their awareness of the organization of the essay and the importance of topic sentences.
Once learners have seen how the ideas are organized in typical examples of the genre, they can go about organizing their own ideas in a similar way.(10)Students in groups draft a plan of their work, including how many paragraphs and the main points of each paragraph. When preparing to write an essay, students group some of the ideas produced earlier into main and supporting statements.
In a pure process approach, the writer goes through several drafts before producing a final version. In practical terms, and as part of a general English course, this is not always possible.
(11)Nevertheless, it may be helpful to let students know beforehand if you are going to ask them to write a second draft.(12)This stage affords learners a chance to become aware of an audience other than the teacher.(13)If students are to write a second draft, I ask other learners to comment on what they liked or didn’t like about the piece of work, or what they found unclear, so that these comments can be incorporated into the second draft.
(14)Finally, when writing a final draft, students should be encouraged to check the details of grammar and spelling, which may have taken a back seat to ideas and organization in the previous stages.
All right, today we’ve illustrated necessary stages learners have to follow before getting started. By going through some or all of these stages, learners use their own ideas to produce a piece of writing that uses the conventions of a genre appropriately and in so doing,(15)they are asked to think about the audience’s expectations of a piece of writing of a particular genre, and the impact of their writing on the reader. In our next lecture, we will get started with a specific genre and talk about how to write an academic paper.
选项
答案
common features
解析
本题考查重要细节。根据句(8)可知,演讲者让学生以小组为单位,给他们同一体裁的几篇文章,并让他们按照体裁分析表来寻找其共同的语言特点,所以填common features。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3237457.html
相关试题推荐
ChineseCalligraphyCalligraphy,thewritingofchar
ChineseCalligraphyCalligraphy,thewritingofchar
ChineseCalligraphyCalligraphy,thewritingofchar
ChineseCalligraphyCalligraphy,thewritingofchar
ChineseCalligraphyCalligraphy,thewritingofchar
ChineseCalligraphyCalligraphy,thewritingofchar
Thewordpenoriginallymeant"featherusedforwritingwithink".Nowitrefers
EmilyDickinsonwrotemanyshortpoemsonvariousaspectsoflife.Whichofthe
Inourtimeitisbroadlytruethatpoliticalwritingisbadwriting.Where
Inourtimeitisbroadlytruethatpoliticalwritingisbadwriting.Where
随机试题
Obviouslytelevisionhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Inthefirstp
Hardly_____whentheparrotflewoutandsettledinthesametreeasthecat.A、ha
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReading
[originaltext]Architectureistobuildingasliteratureistotheprintedw
信息系统审计的目的是评估并提供反馈、保证和建议。其关注之处可分为3类,分别是(
一孕妇,停经34周,规律性腹痛2小时就诊,无阴道流水及流血,阴道检查宫口未开,宫
A.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病 B.呆小病 C.软骨营养障碍 D.脑积水 E.
关于小儿年龄分期,错误的是()A.婴儿期是指出生到满1周岁之前 B.怀
影响分销渠道选择的因素有()。 A.市场因素 B.环境特性 C.
负责拟订人力资源和社会保障事业发展政策、规划的政府部门是A.卫生健康主管部门
最新回复
(
0
)