2. 职称英语
  3. Language is a cognition that truly makes us human. Whereasother species do

Language is a cognition that truly makes us human. Whereasother species do

游客2023-12-01  81
问题     Language is a cognition that truly makes us human. Whereas
other species do communicate with innate ability to produce a【S1】______
limited number of meaningful vocalisations(e. g. bonobos), or
even with partially learned systems(e. g. bird songs), there is no
other species known to date that can express infinite ideas
(sentences)with a limited set of symbols(speech sounds and words).
    This ability is remarkable in it. What makes it even more【S2】______
remarkable is that researchers are finding evidence for mastery of
this complex skill in increasingly younger children. Infants as young
as 12 months are reported to have sensitivity in the grammar needed【S3】______
to understand causative sentences(who did what to whom; e. g. the
bunny pushed the frog).
    Before more than 60 years of research into【S4】______
children language development, the mechanism that enables【S5】______
children to segment syllables and words out of the strings of sounds
they hear, and to acquire grammar to understand and produce
language are still quite an enigma.【S6】______
    One of the earliest scientific explanations of language
acquisition was provided by Skinner. As one of the pioneers of
behaviorism, he accounted on language development by【S7】______
means of environment influence.【S8】______
    Skinner argued that children learn language based on
behaviorist reinforcement principles by associating words with
meanings. Correct utterances are negatively reinforced when the【S9】______
child realises the communicative value of words and phrases. For
example, when the child says "milk" and the mother will smile and
give her some candies as a result, the child will find this outcome is【S10】______
rewarding, enhancing the child’s language development. [br] 【S9】
选项
答案 negatively—positively
解析 语义错误。该句意为“当孩子们意识到沟通的价值时，正确的发音被积极地强化”。根据后文语义可知，得到肯定后的孩子是会更好地发展语言的，因此是一种积极的效果，故将negatively改为positively。
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