首页
登录
职称英语
Four Characteristics of CultureI. Culture is shared— Region, climate and【T1】__
Four Characteristics of CultureI. Culture is shared— Region, climate and【T1】__
游客
2023-11-30
13
管理
问题
Four Characteristics of Culture
I. Culture is shared
— Region, climate and【T1】_____ form a set of values and beliefs【T1】______
— Culture does not belong to a single individual
II. Culture is learned
— Culture is not born or【T2】_____【T2】______
— Culture is【T3】_____【T3】______
Example: People【T4】_____【T4】______
People invent better technologies People learn from the past generation
III. Cultures change
— Example:【T5】_____vs. primitive【T5】______
— Causes of cultural changes: the regular【T6】_____ of cultural traits【T6】______
— Different rates of cultural changes among nations
e.g. Germans are【T7】_____to adopt new words, while【T7】______
French people are resistant to it
— Two ways of cultural changes
a)Inventions within a society
b)【T8】_____ cultural traits from one society to another【T8】______
— Impact of changes: a changed trait will affect another
Reason: cultural traits are functionally【T9】_____【T9】______
Example: resisted【T10】_____ opportunities for women【T10】______
in North America and Europe IV. Cultures are【T11】_____【T11】______
— Examples:
a)Tribes in New Guinea and upper Amazon Basin
were【T12】_____【T12】______
b)Tribal people now buy clothes and【T13】_____produced【T13】______
by multinationals
— Consequence:
a)Societies are【T14】_____ cultural traits from the economic powers【T14】______
b)Small indigenous cultures have disappeared due to the shared global culture
c)Major cultures will survive because of【T15】_____ and ethnocentrism【T15】______ [br] 【T7】
Four Characteristics of Culture
Good morning, everyone. Today, I would like to discuss with you about the characteristics of culture. As we all know, culture refers to the pattern of human activity and the symbols that give significance to these activities. Culture manifests itself in terms of the art, literature, costumes, customs, language, religion and religious rituals. The people and their pattern of life make up the culture of a region. Cultures vary in different parts of the world. They are different across the land boundaries and the diversity in cultures results in the diversity in people around the world. Culture also consists of the system of beliefs held by the people of the region, their principles of life and their moral values. The patterns of behavior of the people of a particular region also form a part of the region’s culture. Now, let me share with you four characteristics of culture.
First of all, culture is shared, by which we mean that every culture is shared by a group of people.[1]Depending on the region they live in, the climatic conditions they thrive in and their historical heritage, they form a set of values and beliefs. This set of their principles of life shapes their culture. No culture belongs to an individuaL It is rather shared among many people of a certain part of the world. It belongs to a single community and not to any single human being.
Secondly, culture is learned. Human infants come into the world with basic drives such as hunger and thirst, but they do not possess instinctive patterns of behavior to satisfy them. Likewise, they are without any cultural knowledge. However, they are genetically predisposed to rapidly learn language and other cultural traits. New born humans are amazing learning machines. Any normal baby can be placed into any family on earth and grow up to learn their culture and accept it as his or her own.[2]Since culture is non-instinctive, we are not genetically programmed to learn a particular one.[4]Every human generation potentially can discover new things and invent better technologies. The new cultural skills and knowledge are added onto what was learned in previous generations.[3]As a result, culture is cumulative. Due to this cumulative effect, most high school students today are now familiar with mathematical insights and solutions that ancient Greeks such as Archimedes and Pythagoras struggled their lives to discover.
Next in order, cultures change. All cultural knowledge does not perpetually accumulate. At the same time that new cultural traits are added, some old ones are lost because they are no longer useful.[5]For example, most city dwellers today do not have or need the skills required for survival in a wilderness. Most would very likely starve to death because they do not know how to acquire wild foods and survive the extremes of weather outdoors. What is more important, in modern urban life are such things as the ability to drive a car, use a computer, and understand how to obtain food in a supermarket or restaurant.[6]The regular addition and subtraction of cultural traits results in culture change. All cultures change over time—none is static. However, the rate of change and the aspects of culture that change vary from society to society.[7]For instance, people in Germany today generally seem happy to adopt new words from other languages, especially from American English, while many French people are resistant to it because of the threat of "corrupting" their own language. However, the French are just as eager as the Ger mans to adopt new technology.[8]Change can occur as a result of both inventions within a society as well as the diffusion of cultural traits from one society to another. Predicting whether a society will adopt new cultural traits or abandon others is complicated by the fact that the various aspects of a culture are closely interwoven into a complex pattern.[9]Changing one trait will have an impact on other traits because they are functionally interconnected. As a result, there commonly is a resistance to major changes.[10]For example, many men in North America and Europe resisted the increase in economic and political opportunities for women over the last century because of the far ranging consequences. It inevitably changed the nature of marriage, the family, and the lives of all men. It also significantly altered the workplace as well as the legal system and the decisions made by governments.
[11]Last but not least, cultures no longer exist in isolation. It is highly unlikely that there are any societies still existing in total isolation from the outside world. Even small, out of the way tribal societies are now being integrated to some extent into the global economy. That was not the case a few short generations ago. Some of the societies in the Highlands of New Guinea were unaware of anyone beyond their homeland until the arrival of European Australian miners in the 1930s.[12]A few of the Indian tribes in the Upper Amazon Basin of South America remained unaware of the outside world until explorers entered their territories in the 1950s and 1960s. Members of these same[13]New Guinean and Amazonian societies today buy clothes and household items produced by multinational corporations. They are developing a growing knowledge of other cultures through schools, radios, and even televisions and the Internet. As a result of this inevitable process, their languages and indigenous cultural patterns are being rapidly replaced.[14]Virtually all societies are now acquiring cultural traits from the economically dominant societies of the world. The most influential of these dominant societies today are predominantly in North America and Western Europe. However, even these societies are rapidly adopting words, foods, and other cultural traits from all over the world. The e-mergence of what is essentially a shared global culture is not likely to result in the current major cultures disappearing in the immediate future the same way many of the small indigenous ones have.[15]Language differences and ethnocentrism will very likely prevent that from happening. There are powerful conflicting trends in the world today. For example, some of the nations in Africa whose boundaries were arbitrarily created by Europeans during the colonial era are now experiencing periodic tribal wars that may result in the creation of more ethnically based countries.
OK I have outlined four characteristics of culture for you. I am sure you have a better understanding of what traits culture presents and how we can perceive culture with an open mind.
选项
答案
happy//willing
解析
在谈到文化的变迁速度时,文中加以举例说明。当代德国人通常都乐意(happy)采用其他语言的新词汇,而法国人对这一做法非常抵触。从题后“法国人持resistant态度”,也能推测出德国人与之相反的态度。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3232380.html
相关试题推荐
Withthedevelopmentofmodernagricultureandindustry,moreandmorewasteand
Afolkcultureissmallisolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficient
Culturesaredifferentbecausethelocationstheyexistinaredifferent.S
Culturesaredifferentbecausethelocationstheyexistinaredifferent.S
Culturesaredifferentbecausethelocationstheyexistinaredifferent.S
Culturesaredifferentbecausethelocationstheyexistinaredifferent.S
Culturesaredifferentbecausethelocationstheyexistinaredifferent.S
Culturesaredifferentbecausethelocationstheyexistinaredifferent.S
Languageandculturearenotfundamentallyinseparable.Atthemostbasicl
Languageandculturearenotfundamentallyinseparable.Atthemostbasicl
随机试题
初中历史《英国的宪章运动》主要教学过程及板书设计 教学过程 环节一:导入新课 教师首先播放印度电影《章西女皇》中有关章西女王抗英的片段,请学生边看边思考:
加快(),已成为世界各国应对能源和生态环境问题的共同选择。A.发展清洁能源
某现金流量如图所示,如果利率为i,则下面的4个表达式中,正确的是: A.P(
35岁,初孕妇,孕期平顺,中孕及孕38周时B超均正常,孕41周B超检查提示胎儿体
关于跟踪误差,以下表述正确的是( )A.跟踪误差是一个绝对风险指标 B.跟踪
影响药物在孕产妇体内分布的因素不包括A:体液pH B:血容量 C:药物与组织
下列表述中,不属于预算管理领域应用的工具方法的是( )。A.滚动预算 B.零基
共用题干 某公司财务部组织会计人员进行会计法律制度与会计职业道德教育的座谈会,
壁厚不等的管口对接,应符合下列规定( )。A.外径相等时薄件厚度小于或等于4m
男,20岁。反复发作全身抽搐伴意识丧失1年,约1个月发作1次,从未服药治疗,既往
最新回复
(
0
)