首页
登录
职称英语
(1)Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greec
(1)Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greec
游客
2023-11-28
11
管理
问题
(1)Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate their bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.
(2)The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artificial testosterone)was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual’s genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting the innocent.
(3)The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG)and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG). The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.
(4)However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use)and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.
(5)The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchers estimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.
(6)Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG), compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.
(7)In the meantime, Dr. Schulze’s study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case. [br] Why does the author suggest the athletes bring a copy of their genetic profile to the Olympic Games?
选项
A、Because it is required by the Beijing Olympic Games Committee.
B、Because it may defend them against unfavorable testosterone test results.
C、Because it is one of the ways to show "spirit of Olympianism".
D、Because it will help them to perform better in the Olympic Games.
答案
B
解析
从最后一段以及前文的描述不难总结出,由于基因型可能影响兴奋剂测试的结果,带上自己的基因分析谱有可能可以为自己辩护,因此选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3225876.html
相关试题推荐
AnancientGreekphilosopheroncewrotethatlaughteriswhatmakesushuman
AnancientGreekphilosopheroncewrotethatlaughteriswhatmakesushuman
AnancientGreekphilosopheroncewrotethatlaughteriswhatmakesushuman
Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainin
Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainin
Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainin
Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainin
(1)Cheatinginsportisasoldassportitself.TheathletesofancientGreec
(1)Cheatinginsportisasoldassportitself.TheathletesofancientGreec
(1)Cheatinginsportisasoldassportitself.TheathletesofancientGreec
随机试题
Anoperation,*,isdefinedasfollows:foranypositivenumbersaandb.[img]2
Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothespeaker?[br][originaltext]Joe
使用光纤进行通信容易受到外界电磁干扰,安全性不高。
关于协方差与相关系数,以下说法错误的是()。A.协方差的正负反映了两个资产收益
患者女,55岁。6月前出现不明原因的下腹坠胀,l月前出现阴道不明原因出血,妇科检
维生素D的佝偻病预防剂量为每日A:200~300U B:300~400U C
以下哪些投资者是国债市场的主要参与者?()A.商业银行 B.广义基金
评价幼儿园的儿童智力水平或诊断智力低下的重要方法是( )。A.斯坦福-比奈量表
投资决策中,决策机构委托咨询单位对投资项目进行独立的调查、分析、研究和评价,建立
根据《环境影响评价技术导则生态影响》,关于生态环境现状调查要求的说法错误的是(
最新回复
(
0
)