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[originaltext]I: Good morning, everyone. Today I’d like to introduce Professor
[originaltext]I: Good morning, everyone. Today I’d like to introduce Professor
游客
2023-11-26
53
管理
问题
I: Good morning, everyone. Today I’d like to introduce Professor Jarvis, from the University of Survey, who is going to talk to us about British education. Well, Professor Jarvis.
J: Very pleased to meet you.
I: So, Professor Jarvis, could you tell us something about the history of British education?
J: Well, British education began in medieval churches and monasteries where, for the most part, religious subjects were taught. But over the centuries, the system slowly changed, and became available to more and more people. And during the 16th and 17th centuries charity schools for poor students and grammar schools for the more affluent were predominant, and they continued right up until the late 19th century.
I: So what brought about this change?
J: The 18th-century attitude toward education was influenced by French philosophers, who were great proponents of education for all, so during the 19th century large numbers of schools were built to provide education for as many people as possible. Indeed, in 1870, the government passed an act of parliament, known as the Elementary Education Act, which stated that all children, from the ages of 5 to 10, should receive a free elementary education. Compulsory education was extended by law to the age of 11 in 1893, and to 12 in 1899. At the end of World War I the minimum age at which children could leave school was raised to 14.
I: So children in Britain now leave school at the age of 14?
J: No. Towards the end of World War II, in 1944, another education act was passed by parliament. This raised the school leaving age to 15 and introduced a tripartite system of education consisting of grammar schools, secondary modern schools and technical colleges. It also introduced an examination system that determined which school children should go to. This examination was known as the 11 plus because it was taken at the age of 11 and was compulsory. Moreover, it ensured that only the children with top scores went to grammar school. For most, however, secondary modern schools were their destination. And in 1973, the school leaving age was raised, once again, to 16.
I: Are schools in Britain controlled by the government?
J: Yes, they are. In 1902 local education authorities were created. They received money directly from central government in Westminster, and were presided over by the Department of Education and Science. Today, however, local authorities are primarily responsible for the administration of the schools.
1. When was the Elementary Education Act passed in Britain?
2. Which group of children should receive a free elementary education according to Elementary Education Act?
3. Which is NOT one part of tripartite system of education?
4. In 1973, which was the school leaving age?
5. According to Professor Jarvis, who is responsible for the administration of schools in Britain nowadays?
选项
A、The central government.
B、The local education authorities.
C、The central government and the local education authorities.
D、The Department of Education and Science.
答案
B
解析
推理判断题。选项A是中央政府;选项B是当地教育机构;选项C是中央政府和当地教育机构共同管理;选项D是科教部。录音原文中提到:In 1902 local education authorities were created.They received money directly from central govemment in Westminster, and were presided over by the Department of Education and Science.表明1902年英国建立了各地教育机构,它们从威斯敏斯特的中央政府处直接获得资金,受科教部监管。由此推断当时的学校是当地教育机构和中央政府共同管理的。但后来又提到:Today, however, local authorities are primarily responsible for the administration of the schools.而如今,主要由各地教育机构管理自己辖区内的学校。根据题意,选项B正确。
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