首页
登录
职称英语
(1)For multinational corporations, tax planning has become an extremely comp
(1)For multinational corporations, tax planning has become an extremely comp
游客
2023-11-25
35
管理
问题
(1)For multinational corporations, tax planning has become an extremely complex affair. It has often been stated that no multinational corporation possesses the ultimate tax expertise. There are just too many countries and regions involved and thus a web of tax regulations. Therefore, in addition to having their own experts, MNCs rely heavily on local tax experts and legal counsel.
(2)Taxes have a very important impact on foreign direct investment decisions. Taxes will determine the financial structure of a subsidiary, and they will influence pricing decisions. They may also lead to the formation of holding companies. An MNC may decide to establish a branch rather than a subsidiary because of a given tax situation. The absence of a tax treaty between the country of a would-be investor and the nation where a foreign investment is to take place might lead to cancellation of investment plans. An unfavorable depreciation allowance may keep the foreign investor out. This unit will deal with the different tax systems in the world and their impact on an MNC’s global strategy.
(3)Basically, any tax system can be divided into direct and indirect taxes. Corporate and individual income taxes are direct; value-added taxes, sales taxes, and import duties are indirect taxes. Corporate income taxes(taxes levied on earnings)vary among the industrialized nations. France, the United States, Holland, Canada, and Germany have rates of around 50 percent; Italy, the United Kingdom, and Japan have rates of between 36 and 40 percent.
(4)Less developed countries usually have lower corporate tax rates, in order to attract foreign investment. Thus, Brazil has a rate of 30 percent, and Indonesia has a 40 percent rate. A corporate tax is levied on taxable earnings. Taxable earnings are more significant than the tax rate itself. They determine what can be deducted before the tax is computed; in other words, these items are tax deductible. Countries differ greatly in determining taxable earnings. Some allow accelerated depreciation, whereby the asset(usually the plant or equipment)is written off at a substantially higher rate during the first years than in the later years. This allows for smaller taxable earnings in the early years. Other countries allow tax-free investment reserves. These are used at a later stage for investment in underdeveloped areas of countries or are sent when countries are in a recession.
(5)A recent type of tax that has won recognition in the European Common Market is value-added tax(VAT). This is a national sales tax levied at each stage of production to the value added during that stage. Generally, manufacturing goods, such as plant and equipment, have been exempted from this tax. In most cases, food items also have been exempted.
(6)Here is an example of how VAT works. A tree owner who sells part of a tree to a lumber mill for $1 must set aside ten cents VAT to pay to the government. The lumber mill processes the tree into building material and sells the wood for $3 to a lumber wholesaler. The mill adds $2 in value, and thus sets aside ten percent of the added value, or twenty cents, to pay to the government. And so the VAT continues until the final sale.
(7)The VAT system offers advantages, such as rebates on exports. Profitable and unprofitable firms are taxed alike, as there is no possibility of tax deductions to determine taxable income. Further, VAT is easy to calculate and collect. But VAT is often accused of having contributed to serious inflation in countries where it was introduced, notably in Western Europe. [br] One arrives at taxable earnings when _____.
选项
A、accelerated depreciation is allowed
B、asset is written off in the end
C、all tax-deductible items have been subtracted
D、tax-free investment reserves are allowed
答案
C
解析
第4段第5句指出,它们在计算应纳的税之前确定哪一些是可以减免的,换句话说,那些可以被减免的就是免税项。由此可知,减去免税项就可以得出应纳税的收入,故C正确。由第4段可知,A、B、D是不同国家为确定自己国内应纳税收入所采取的不同做法,不是计算应纳税收入的方法,故均错误。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3218661.html
相关试题推荐
Developingabadhabitiseasierthanmanymightthink."Youcanbecomeadd
Developingabadhabitiseasierthanmanymightthink."Youcanbecomeadd
Developingabadhabitiseasierthanmanymightthink."Youcanbecomeadd
Developingabadhabitiseasierthanmanymightthink."Youcanbecomeadd
PASSAGEONEThedeficiencyofexperienceinthemainstreamofthecorporations.第七
PASSAGEFOUR[br]Whyistrainingtobecomeabarristerorsolicitoracompetiti
(1)Trainingtobecomeabarristerorsolicitorisacompetitiveandexpensiv
(1)Trainingtobecomeabarristerorsolicitorisacompetitiveandexpensiv
Tohelp,ornottohelp?ThathasbecomeadilemmainmodernChina.According
PASSAGETHREEPeopleinwhatwouldbecomeNorway.第3段第1句中,宾语从句的表语部分与题目中的的firstto
随机试题
电子邮件使人们能够简单快捷地相互沟通。Emailcanmakepeoplecommunicateeasilyandquickly.
MostparentsIsupposehavehadtheexperienceofreadingabedtimestoryto
近年来,我国大力推动农村互联网建设,目前已初步建成融合、泛在、安全、绿色的宽带网
九味羌活汤的组成部分不包括A:防风,甘草B:当归,陈皮C:苍术,白芷D:细
A
企业方面的管理重点包括增加员工对公司的忠诚度及向心力,( )。A.协助员工辨别
三个重物m1、m2、m3用一绕过两个定滑轮M和N的绳子相连,如图所示。当重物m1
企业有下列()行为之一的,应当对相关资产进行评估。A:整体或部分改建为有限责任
中央银行贷款是指中央银行对()和其他金融机构提供的再贷款。A.商业银行 B.
某机场所在地雨水丰沛,为预防洪涝灾害造成的系统瘫痪,航站楼计算机信息管理系统主服
最新回复
(
0
)