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  3. (1)The Paris-based International Energy Agency(IEA), in its annual forecast,

(1)The Paris-based International Energy Agency(IEA), in its annual forecast,

游客2023-11-25  28
问题     (1)The Paris-based International Energy Agency(IEA), in its annual forecast, said a number of factors, including the soaring cost of oil, will contribute to a boom in coal. Aging and less-productive oil fields and resistance among major oil exporters to build spare oil capacity will make crude oil and natural gas more expensive and prompt developing countries to turn increasingly to the world’s dirtiest fossil fuel.
    (2)The annual World Energy Outlook, released as U.S. benchmark crude rose 20 cents to $96.90 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange trading Wednesday morning, also details a continued surge in oil demand that could result in a serious supply crunch around 2015. The agency, which acts as an energy think tank funded by the world’s 26 most-advanced economies, portrays a world mat by 2030 will be consuming 55% more energy than it is now, with almost half of me growth because of soaring demand in China and India. While oil will remain me world’s largest source of energy in terms of metric tons of oil equivalent, at 32%, coal’s share is expected to jump to 28%, up from 25% now, contributing to a 57% increase in carbon emissions.
    (3)Barring unforeseen changes in government policy to reduce oil consumption, me IEA predicts that worldwide oil demand will hit 116 million barrels a day by 2030, up from about 85 million barrels a day now. Electricity use will nearly double, witii most of me globe’s new plants burning coal.
    (4)For nearly all economies, me tough question is on the supply side. The IEA foresees a boost in production from new fields in the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia, but warns mat "it is very uncertain" whether these new sources "will be sufficient to compensate for the decline in output at existing fields" in the Middle East and among other big producers such as Russia, Mexico and Venezuela.
    (5)The resulting pinch in supply could result in "an abrupt escalation in oil prices" around 2015, an event me agency said "cannot be ruled out". The dramatic rise in oil prices to nearly $100 a barrel from about $50 in early January has invigorated debate over whemer oil prices will go far higher in coming years, or will taper off from a spike that some critics insist is largely driven by speculation.
    (6)The IEA bluntly says consumers and governments globally are doing too little to improve energy-supply security and to cut pollution. Even under me most optimistic assumptions, global carbon emissions—the main culprit blamed for global warming—will be 25% higher in 2030 from today’s levels.
    (7)"The pathway we’re on is not sustainable" both for me health of me environment and for securing stable energy supplies in me future, IEA Executive Director Nobuo Tanaka told journalists in London. "Time is running out."
    (8)China and India are setting the tone of global energy markets with me size of their populations, each over one billion, and double-digit economic growth rates. The IEA predicts mat me two Asian countries combined will import more oil in 2030 than Japan and me U.S. do today. China and India also will account for 80% of the growth in coal consumption over the next two decades, with China tapping abundant domestic supplies but India having to import more of what it needs.
    (9)While the IEA focused its most recent outlook on China and India, it also forecast booming demand in the Middle East. Oil use there is expected to hit 7.9 million barrels a day by 2015, more than twice the predicted demand in India.
    (10)Although China is taking measures to mitigate global-warming emissions, the Asian giant is to become the world’s biggest polluter tins year in absolute terms and the largest energy consumer, ahead of the U.S., shortly after 2010, based on current trends, according to the IEA outlook. On a per-capita-emissions basis, the U.S. is expected to remain the world’s biggest greenhouse gas producer over the next two decades.
    (11)Renewable energy sources such as solar will grow in use in certain areas, like the U.K., but me current logistical challenges and costs of using and developing mem mean all renewable energy sources will remain a fraction of total energy use globally in 2030 at about 10%, unchanged from today.
    (12)The IEA says improved energy efficiency, technical improvements for burning coal more cleanly, and building more nuclear power plants, which emit almost no carbon emissions, are some of the responses consumers and governments must take to ease energy-supply concerns and to cut carbon gases. [br] Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
选项 A、Consumers and governments have not been actively involved in cutting pollution.
B、China’s coal consumption over the next two decades is expected to be self-sufficient.
C、China is going to be the world’s biggest polluter in the next two decades in all respects.
D、Consumers and governments can help ease energy shortage and improve environment.
答案 C
解析 第10段第2句提到，按人均排放量，美国仍将是全球最大的温室气体排放国，由此可知，C中的inan aspects是不成立的，故选C。由第6段首句、第8段末句及末段可知，A、B、D符合文意。
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