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To flee or not to flee from the first-tier cities, which has been a question

游客2023-11-25  10
问题     To flee or not to flee from the first-tier cities, which has been a question confronting most graduates in recent years. From the following two excerpts, you can find that both kinds of cities have adherents.
    Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should:
    1. summarize both articles, and then
    2. provide your own choice and reasons.
Excerpt 1
    China’s Big Fish Graduates Seek Smaller Ponds
    The top cities, like Beijing and Shanghai, seem to be losing their glamour and fast-rising second-tier cities like Chengdu, Dalian and Wuhan are offering graduates more employment possibilities and perhaps a better quality of life.
    Skyrocketing living costs, high pressure, pollution and traffic problems have dissuaded many from staying in the traditional powerhouses of graduate employment, according to sociologist Zhou Keda. More importantly, he says, graduates are not just being pushed away by the negatives, but are being pulled in by the positives.
    Second-tier cities have been working hard to provide top-notch facilities in fields like education and medical care. A lot of help and support is available to new businesses and environmental concerns are often considerably less. While preferential policies and salary breaks attract the intelligent and the ambitious, top cities are struggling to curb excessive population growth.
    The expansion of high-speed rail has greatly reduced journey times throughout the country, also contributing to the loss of admirers of first-tier cities. "Previously we talked about ’fleeing’ Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Now, it is more like a natural flow based on more uniform urban development," said Xiong Hanzhong, founder of the Beijing youth stress management center. He describes the trend as a "normal and rational" development.
Excerpt 2
    Graduates Find First-Tier Cities Still Appealing
    First-tier cities like Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are still more popular among university graduates, according to a recent employment survey. It showed 63 percent of respondents hope to stay in first-tier cities for at least one year after graduation this year. Last year, the figure was 38 percent.
    Liu Xingyang, a senior consultant at the agency, said graduates now feel this way mainly because of the increasing return of people to big cities after hoping to settle in lower-cost small cities.
    In the past two years, some people left first-tier cities where they worked and went back to their hometowns or sought jobs in second-tier cities or even small places because in first-tier cities, housing prices have become too high, he said.
    But many people could not get used to smaller cities because in such places, social connections, rather than abilities, usually determine one’s promotions or social status. Some graduates even found they could not easily communicate with people from the area because of "cultural differences", so many started to return to big cities, Liu said.
    "Such phenomena have been largely reported by the media, sparking many university graduates’ desire to work in first-tier cities," he said.
    Liu said first-tier cities are attractive to university graduates because they have more opportunities, greater development platforms, a fairer competitive environment, and a more diversified cultural environment.
选项
答案             Big Dream or Dream Big?
    It is understandable that young employees and college graduates consider smaller cities, where job competition is less fierce, living costs lower, and air fresher, right places for them to display their capability. The improvement of public facilities and the construction of the high-speed railways add attraction to smaller cities. Nevertheless, disappointed with the fact that personal development is limited in small cities as social connections predominate over abilities, many people decided to return to big cities after careful consideration. With more opportunities, colorful cultures and less unfairness, big cities are still young graduates’ first choice. As I see it, bigger cities may provide young people with a big dream that hard to realize, while smaller cities offer them a chance to make their dreams come true.
    On the one hand, although many conditions in bigger cities may seem appealing, bigger cities themselves are not very friendly to young people. As many young people swarm into bigger cities, one has to stand out among thousands of competitors to secure a job there. Furthermore, even though the salary in bigger cities seems higher, the living cost is jaw-dropping. A record-high housing cost also upsets young people who want to settle down in bigger cities permanently. In a word, living in bigger cities is more like a dream which looks fancy at first glance, but may turn out to be a painful nightmare.
    On the other hand, the advantages of smaller cities are evident. With lower living cost, smaller cities are apparently more livable for young people. Besides, while many markets in bigger cities tend to saturate and therefore opportunities begin to decrease, smaller cities are full of possibilities with unexploited markets. College graduates would have an edge in smaller cities in particular, because they have a better outlook and can seize opportunities in time. Smaller cities give young people a much bigger stage to show their talents and realize their dreams.
    In brief, it is apparent that smaller cities, which provide much larger space for both living and development, are a more sensible choice for young people to realize their big dreams.
解析     材料就“毕业生应选择大城市还是小城市”展开讨论。两个选段分别介绍了两种不同的趋势。
    选段一介绍了大学生倾向于选择小城市的趋势，指出传统上大学毕业生就业中枢是一线城市，但由于生活成本飞涨(Skyrocketing living costs)、高压力(high pressure)以及污染和交通问题(pollution and traffic problems)，很多人选择离开。与此相比，迅速发展的二线城市提供的一流设施(top-notch facilities)、优惠政策和理想的薪水(preferential policies and salary)吸引了许多人才。同时，全国性高铁线路网的扩大也让一线城市的吸引力减少。
    选段二则引用调查结果，讲述大城市还是更多毕业生的首选。越来越多在小城市的大学生又回到大城市(increasing return people to big cities)，过半数的大学毕业生认为一线城市更具吸引力。根据选段的分析，二线城市通常是由社会关系(social connections)来决定一个人的发展空间和社会地位。而一线城市则有更多的机会(more opportunities)、更好的发展平台(greater development platforms)、更公平的竞争环境(a fairer competitive environment)以及更多元的文化环境(a more diversified cultural environment)。
    开篇：总结材料，概括在大城市和小城市的利弊；提出个人观点——小城市更能给年轻人提供追梦和圆梦的良机。
    主体：分两方面阐述原因。
    l．大城市对年轻人并不友善。竞争激烈、生活开支大、房价高昂等因素均不利于年轻人在大城市施展拳脚。
    2．对年轻人而言，小城市有更大的优势。生活开销低、住宿便宜、市场尚待开发、有展现自己的舞台，相对容易实现梦想。
    结尾：重申观点，小城市是更好的选择。
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