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  3. Passage Three (1) For women in business and beyond, it was an I-told-yo

Passage Three (1) For women in business and beyond, it was an I-told-yo

游客2023-11-24  21
问题     Passage Three
    (1)  For women in business and beyond, it was an I-told-you-so day.
    (2)  The twin spectacles Tuesday—an Uber board member’s wisecrack (俏皮话) about women talking too much, and Sen. Kamala Harris, D-Calif., being interrupted for the second time in a week by her male colleagues—triggered an outpouring of recognition and what has become almost ritual social-media outrage.
    (3)  Academic studies and countless anecdotes make it clear that being interrupted, talked over, shut down or penalized for speaking out is nearly a universal experience for women when they are outnumbered by men.
    (4)  A few statistics show that the questions directed at Uber about how women fare in the workplace extend beyond one company, and indeed beyond Silicon Valley. Women make up 6. 4 percent of Fortune 500 chief executive officers and 19. 4 percent of Congress this year. About a fifth of board members in Fortune 500 companies in 2016 were women, according to research conducted by Deloitte and the Alliance for Board Diversity.
    (5)  After Arianna Huffmgton, an Uber director, spoke of how important it was to increase the number of women on the board, David Bonderman said that would mean more talking. He soon resigned from the board. Even in companies without notorious bro-cultures, however, women have had to struggle to feel heard and, as the numbers make clear, to advance to the top.
    (6)   "I think every woman who has any degree of power and those who don’t know how it feels to experience what Kamala Harris experienced yesterday," said Laura R. Walker, the chief executive of New York Public Radio.   "To be in a situation where you’re trying to do your job and you’re either cut off or ignored. "
    (7)  Harris, a former prosecutor, assertively questioned Attorney General Jeff Sessions during his testimony before the Senate Intelligence Committee. Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., interrupted and chided (责备) her to let Sessions answer her questions. Soon after that, Sen. Richard Burr, R-N. C, the committee chairman, cut her off, saying her time had elapsed.
    (8)  Women in a wide range of industries, at all levels, offered hundreds of such examples in response to an invitation from The New York Times for people to share their personal experiences on Facebook. "I can’t even count the number of times I’ve witnessed a woman being interrupted and talked over by a man, only to hear him later repeat the same ideas she was trying to put forward," wrote one respondent, Grace Ellis. "I’d say I see this happen...two to three times a week? At least?"
    (9)  Joyce Lionarons wrote, "My female boss told me she needed to allow each man to interrupt her four times before protesting in a meeting.  If she protested more often, there were problems. "
    (10)  Erica Brown wrote that she has worked for three months as a distiller. Virtually every time she goes to pick up supplies, she said, the staff asked her husband what she needed.
    (11)   A ream of studies affirm such anecdotes. Researchers consistently find that women are interrupted more and that men dominate conversations and decision-making, in corporate offices, town meetings, school boards and the U. S.  Senate.
    (12)    Victoria L. Brescoll, associate professor of organizational behavior at the Yale School of Management, published a paper in 2012 showing that men with power talked more in the Senate, which was not the case for women. Another study, " Can an Angry Woman Get Ahead?" concluded that men who became angry were rewarded, but that angry women were seen as incompetent and unworthy of power in the workplace.
    (13)   Indeed, Jason Miller, a former adviser to President Donald Trump’s campaign and a CNN commentator, described Harris as "hysterical" and shouting during her questioning of Sessions. At times, Harris cut Sessions off, but she spoke in an even tone.
    (14)  That experience, too, resonated with many women responding to the Facebook callout.
    (15)  "And if you complain, you are excluded," said Paula Minnikin. "As the only woman on a particular corporate board, I asked the chair in private if we could consider finding another one or two women as we were seeking to replace three board members. He said there was no doubt I was one of our strongest members but that there ARE no good women. I was the exception. He then went on to share that this is because I’m tall and strong, like a man, and don’t confuse things like a regular woman.  I was flabbergasted. "
    (16)   Tali Mendelberg, professor of politics at Princeton University, is co-author of "The Silent Sex; Gender, Deliberations and Institutions," compiling studies examining what happens when more women join decision-making groups. She and Christopher F. Karpowitz, associate professor of political science at Brigham Young University, found that, at school board meetings, men and women did not speak as long until women made up 80 percent of the school board. When men were in the minority, however, they did not speak up less.
    (17)   "The fact that women are outnumbered in every room puts them in a position where they’re often coming up against gender-based stereotypes," said Deborah Gillis, president and chief executive officer of Catalyst, which works for women’s advancement in business. "Women are too hard, too soft, but never just right.  What that means is that women are seen as either competent or liked but not both. "
    (18)  Some women are working to subvert these gender imbalances in their own organizations.
    (19)  Walker, of New York Public Radio, said she pressed for more women at its senior level and on its board. " I think this not only empowers women throughout our organization, it also makes for better discussions," she said. She is also pushing to increase the number of women who host podcasts (播客).
    (20) Jacqueline Hinman, chairman and CEO of CH2M Hill Cos., a Colorado-based engineering company that manages projects including light rail in Toronto and Olympic facilities in London, works in a field where women have typically been scarce.  Now, however, women make up 30 to 40 percent of her board and are well  represented in senior positions. [br] What does the word "flabbergasted" in Para. 15 probably mean?
选项 A、Dumbfounded.
B、Shamefaced.
C、Faint-hearted.
D、Featherbrained.
答案 A
解析 语义题。根据题干提示定位至第十五段。该段中保拉.米尼金讲述了自己的经历，作为公司里唯一的女董事，她私下询问主席在董事会计划替换三名成员时，能否考虑再找一两名女性董事时，主席回复道，虽然她是最牛的董事会成员之一，但如今没有优秀的女性了，她是一个例外，因为她长得像男人一样高大强壮，也不会像普通女人那样搞乱事情；最后一句提到米尼金flabbergasted，结合上文主席带有性别歧视的回复可知，该句表明的是米尼金听到这些话之后的心情，[A]“目瞪口呆的”最符合原文，故为答案。[B]惭愧的”、[C]“懦弱的”和[D]“非常愚蠢的”明显与原文不符，故均排除。
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