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  3. Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression-related thoughts and emotions a

Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression-related thoughts and emotions a

游客2023-11-22  25
问题      Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression-related thoughts and emotions and could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, a study released on Sunday by a U.S. psychology association found. The Washington D. C.-based American Psychological Association (APA) released the study, resulting from five experiments involving over 500 college students, in the May issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
     The violent songs increased feelings of hostility without provocation or threat, according to the study. It said the effect was not the result of differences in musical style, specific performing artist or arousal properties of the songs. Even the humorous violent songs increased aggressive thoughts, the study said.
     The group said the study contradicts a popular notion that listening to angry, violent music actually serves as a positive catharsis for people.
     The music industry came under criticism from lawmakers in October for failing to use more descriptive parental advisory labels that specify whether the music contains sex, violence or strong language:
     But the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has said that current CD labels give parents enough information without violating the right to free expression. The RIAA is the trade group for the world’s five big labels, including AOL Time Warner Inc., EMI Group Plc, Bertelsmann AG, Vivendi Universal’s Universal Music and Sony Corp.
     Results of the APA’s experiments showed that violent songs led to more aggressive interpretations of ambiguously aggressive words and increased the relative speed with which people read aggressive versus non-aggressive words. "Such aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive response, verbal or physical, than would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory spiral of antisocial exchanges," said researcher Craig Anderson, in a statement.
     While researchers said repeated exposure to violent lyrics could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, they said it was possible the effects of violent songs may last only a fairly short time. [br] The word "catharsis" in paragraph 3 most probably means ______.
选项 A、an unpopular notion
B、the removal of strong feelings
C、an increase of aggressive emotions
D、the overreaction to violent lyrics
答案 B
解析 语义理解题。catharsis的意思是(精神或心理)疏泄，宣泄。但是此词并非常用词，如果从前不知道它的意思，需要通过上下文猜测。首先是掌握调查的结果：歌曲中感情强烈的歌词增多了带有进攻性质的想法和行为而且可能间接导致一个更加敌对的社会环境。而第三段说这一结果与一种流行的概念相反，这个流行的观点认为听愤怒、暴力的音乐事实上是人们的一种积极的catharsis。四个选项中只有B 符合逻辑，与positive搭配一致。
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