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  3. The promise of finding long term technological solutions to the problem of

The promise of finding long term technological solutions to the problem of

游客2023-11-21  21
问题      The promise of finding long term technological solutions to the problem of world food shortage seems difficult to fulfill. Many innovations that were once heavily supported and publicized, such as fish protein concentrate and protein from algae grown on petroleum substrates, have since fallen by the wayside. The proposals themselves were technically feasible but they proved to be economically unviable and to yield food products culturally unacceptable to their consumers.
     One characteristic common to unsuccessful innovations has been that, even with extensive government support, they often have not been technologically adapted or culturally acceptable to the people for whom they had been developed. A successful new technology, therefore, must fit the entire social cultural system in which it is to find a place. Security of crop yield, practicality of storage, and costs are much more significant than had previously been realized by the advocates of new technologies.
     The adoption of new food technologies depends on more than these technical and cultural considerations; economic factors and governmental policies also strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation. Economists in the Anglo-American tradition have taken the lead in investigating the economies of technological innovation. Although they exaggerate in claiming that profitability-is the sky factor guiding technical change—they completely disregard the substantial effects of culture—they are correct in stressing the importance of profits. Most technological innovations in agriculture can be fully used only by large landowners and are only adopted if these profit-oriented business people believe that the innovation will increase their incomes. Thus, innovations that carry high rewards for big agribusiness (agricultural business) groups will be adopted even if they harm segments of the population and reduce the availability of food in a country. Further, should a new technology promise to alter substantially the profits and losses associated with any production system, those with economic power will strive to maintain and improve their own position. Since large segments of the populations of many developing countries are close to the subsistence margin and essentially powerless, they tend to be the losers in this system unless they are aided by a government policy that takes into account the needs of all sectors of the economy. Therefore, although technical advances in food production and processing will perhaps be needed to ensure food availability, meeting food needs will depend much more on equalizing economic power among the various segments of the population within the developing countries themselves. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements concerning the solution to food shortages in developing countries?
选项 A、The introduction of technological innovations to reap profits might alleviate food shortages to some degree, but any permanent solution can come only from effective governmental intervention in the socioeconomic system.
B、Innovations in agricultural technology will be of little help, and perhaps even harmful, in combating food shortage, no matter how well designed they are to suit local circumstances.
C、Long lasting solutions will not be found until large landowners adopt improvements that will make production more efficient and thus more profitable.
D、In order to achieve a meaningful solution to the problem of food shortage, the tastes of the general population must be educated to accept the new food products of modern agricultural technology.
答案 A
解析 推理题。在文章最后，作者用“therefore”引出一个结论。虽然技术革新对保证粮食的需求或许是必要的，但作者指出满足粮食的需求需“depend much more on equaling economic power”，为了平衡这一经济实力，作者在上文中提到，在这一社会经济系统内的政府干预是必要的，因为只有政府才能影响“the needs of all sectors of the economy”。故选A项。
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