2. 职称英语
  3. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a

游客2023-11-19  28
问题      In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages. Well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts: yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has be- come powerless, that he does not whole-heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact the blue and the white collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
      The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find out job, they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
     Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence; from that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
     Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not, problems are never solved by re- mining to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of love and of reason are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man.  [br] By "a well-oiled cog in the machinery", the author intends to render the idea that man is ______.
选项 A、a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible
B、working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
C、an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly
D、a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
答案 C
解析 文章的第一段指出，尽管这一齿轮通过各种方式得到了很好的润滑，但这种润滑没有改变人已经变得无能为力，不能全身心地去干他所厌倦的工作的事实，实际上蓝领和白领工人都已变成了随自动化机器和官僚主义管理体制运动的经济木偶。由此可见，尽管运转良好，和其他的因素相比，人在社会中所处的地位并不太重要。故C为正确答案。AB两项和原文不符；而D项所说只是一个不太重要的要素。这与文中所论述的观点有差异，因此也不对。
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