首页
登录
职称英语
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enla
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enla
游客
2023-11-19
22
管理
问题
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners, and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which were used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which be held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even be had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of’ the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. [br] The author is most critical of ______.
选项
A、landowners
B、family firm employers
C、paid managers
D、shareholders
答案
D
解析
态度题。文章第二段第四句将股东阶层称为“饱食终日” (comfortable)者,他们与别人的关系仅限于抽取红利,他们偶尔也参加一次股东会,对企业的管理指手画脚(dictate their orders)。第三段指出,他们不了解工人,不关心工人。这里使用的显然是一种批评的语气。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3200481.html
相关试题推荐
Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thevastmajorityoftheworld’spopulation_
______isreleasedinthepressconference,morecapitalswillbedistributedby
WhatdidmostEuropeanscholarsbelievebefore17thcenturyaboutthesizeofth
Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?[br][originaltext]Inthe18thcenturyFren
Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?[originaltext]Inthe18thcenturyFrencheco
What’sthechangeinAmericanfamilyinthe21century?[br][originaltext]
What’sthechangeinAmericanfamilyinthe21century?[br][originaltext]
What’sthechangeinAmericanfamilyinthe21century?[originaltext]Atth
Romansuperioritybegantodeclineinthe______centuryAD.[br][originaltext
______capitalismhasbeenabolished______itbepossibletoabolishpoverty,u
随机试题
[originaltext]TherearemanywhocalltheSycamoreCanyonaLittleGrandC
TheShanghai-HongKongStockConnectInvestorsinHongKongandShanghaimay
CanMixofTeachers,ComputersLeadtoPupilSuccess?[A]Whenvisit
ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympi
患者,女,40岁。重大交通事故致严重外伤,手术后入ICU第3天,患者出现了“三衰
下列取得房屋的行为中,属于应缴纳契税的是()。A.子女继承取得房屋 B.
若取显著性水平α=0.05,查F分布表得临界值是3.48,则()。
案例三: 一般资料:求助者,女性,16岁,高一学生,住校。因与老师发生激烈冲突
心理咨询师的工作范围不含()单选A.一般心理问题 B.临床治愈的精神病患
施工企业购买材料设备之后由保管人进行储存,存货人未按合同约定向保管人支付仓储费时
最新回复
(
0
)