首页
登录
职称英语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classi
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classi
游客
2023-11-18
41
管理
问题
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clari- lying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intu- ition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of dar8 and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. [br] Which of the following best exemplifies "an ’Aha!’ experience" (Line 6, Para. 3) as is presented in the text?
选项
A、A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable.
B、A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.
C、A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.
D、A manager swiftly decides which of several tactics to implement to deal with a problem.
答案
C
解析
推断题。第3段第6句中的synthesize与选项C中的connects意思相近,且isolated bits of data and practice也即该选项中的unrelated facts and experiences,因此可把答案先定位于选项C,然后再仔细通读选项C便可确定其与原句意思相符,即为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3197033.html
相关试题推荐
WriteonANSWERSHEETTWOanoteofabout50-60wordsbasedonthefollowing
WaltDisneyisbelievedtopossessthefollowingabilitiesEXCEPT[br]Thewrite
WaltDisneyisbelievedtopossessthefollowingabilitiesEXCEPT[br]Inthesi
WaltDisneyisbelievedtopossessthefollowingabilitiesEXCEPT[br]According
Themajorityofnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofess
WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeenaffectedbythewildfires?[br][originalte
WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeenaffectedbythewildfires?[originaltext] G
ParcelExpressneedsthefollowingdetailsaboutthesenderEXCEPT[br][origin
ParcelExpressneedsthefollowingdetailsaboutthesenderEXCEPT[originaltext
WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthefollowingnews?[br][originalte
随机试题
()挤奶设备()储奶罐[br]()线路图()反向冲洗设备
NarratorListentopartofatalkinalinguisticsclass.Nowgetreadytoanswe
[originaltext]Mr.Hooper,Ihavebeenwiththiscompanynowforsevenyears
______isoftendescribedas"fatherofmodemlinguistics".A、SaussureB、Chomsky
鸣禽(英国) 过去三周所经地区之内,虽然谷、草、牛、羊都好,却有一个缺点,在我
选择下列治疗平喘药物的作用机制 A.兴奋肾上腺素能β受体 B.抑制磷酸二酯酶
男性,70岁。以反复咳喘40余年,活动后气短10余年,间断双下肢水肿5年,咳喘加
地球外部有三个圈层,包括水圈、大气圈和生物圈。()
人力资本投资包括()形式。 A.学校教育B.职业训练 C.科技发展D.卫
上前牙缺失,固定义齿桥体龈端的形态是( )。A.盖嵴式 B.改良盖嵴式 C
最新回复
(
0
)