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  3. Before discussing the effect of deflation and inflation on the distribution

Before discussing the effect of deflation and inflation on the distribution

游客2023-11-17  61
问题     Before discussing the effect of deflation and inflation on the distribution of income, it will be useful to【C1】______ these terms. By inflation we mean a time of generally rising prices of goods and 【C2】______of production, such as wages and rents. By deflation we mean a time 【C3】______ most prices and costs are falling. Neither in inflation nor in deflation【C4】______ prices all move in the same direction or in exactly the same【C5】______.
    【C6】______ inflation favors debtors and profit receivers at the【C7】______of creditors and fixed income receivers. 【C8】______, for example, you lend $1,000 today and are paid back one year from now. If in the【C9】_____ prices have doubled, then your debtor will be paying back only one half【C10】______much real purchasing power as you gave him.
    On the other hand, one who invests in real estate, in common stocks, or in commodities makes a great【C11】______ during times of unforeseen inflation, when the【C12】______of business sales increases greatly, as do prices, between the time that business persons buy and sell their 【C13】______. Fixed or overhead costs remain the same; other costs rise, 【C14】______ not so rapidly as prices. For all these reasons, profits【C15】______— often faster than the cost of living.
    In times of deflation, the situation is 【C16】______. Creditors and fixed income receivers【C17】______ to gain at the expense of debtors and profit receivers. If prices【C18】______between the time that a creditor lends money and is repaid, then he gets back more purchasing power than he lent. Between the time that a merchant buys and sells goods, he will have to take a(n)【C19】______. The school teacher whose pay is not cut, however, finds that his real income has increased.【C20】______, a hoarder finds the real value of her wealth increasing every day as prices fall. [br] 【C9】
选项 A、meantime
B、circumstances
C、balance
D、least
答案 A
解析 固定搭配题。四个选项都可以与in构成固定搭配：in the meantime“与此同时”；in the circumstances“在这种情况下”；in the balance“(生命等)在危急状态中；(命运等)未定”；in the least“一点，丝毫”。原句表示在借款的这一年中，价格发生的变化，所以[A]meantime是答案。
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