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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committe

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committe

游客2023-11-17  44
问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently【C2】______for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle-class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one- parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.
    Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. [br] 【C2】
选项 A、scolded
B、reproached
C、tortured
D、penalized
答案 D
解析 词义辨析题 scold sb．(for sth．／doing sth．)“骂，责骂(尤指儿童)；叱责某人”；reproach sb．／oneself(for sth．)“责备某人(自己)(尤指因未做成某事)”；torture“使(某人)极其痛苦，折磨”；penalize sb．(for sth．)“(因犯规或违法)处罚某人”。文中指青少年犯罪的原因所在，故选D，指违法后处罚力度不够。
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