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  3. Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following

Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following

游客2023-11-16  56
问题     Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers, researchers say.
    Some of the most【C1】______sights in nature happen when animals form【C2】______ groups and move together as if【C3】______. Earlier work has shown that fish in large groups make better decisions than【C4】______or small groups.
    Many theories have been【C5】______ about how animals might communicate in order to【C6】______this. But now it appears really simple. The researchers【C7】______groups of two, four or eight mosquito fish in a square arena for five minutes【C8】______studied the movements of individuals in each group. The【C9】______of the swimming fish were fed into software which acts like many pairs of eyes to keep【C10】______ on the direction and speed of each fish in the school and【C11】______it responds to other fish around it.
    As schools of fish rarely suffer from crashes or【C12】______, the rules they use could also【C13】______be applied to robotic systems to solve traffic problems. If a system could be【C14】______ where each car knew where each car was and they could respond to each other and communicate with each other, traffic problems【C15】______ be avoid.
    The researchers used a technique called artificial neural networks to look for【C16】______ in the data. And it turns out the【C17】______ well-organized swimming that fish in shoals【C18】______is actually caused by each fish using very simple rules to respond to its neighbors. These rules include " accelerate towards a neighbor that is far away from you" and " decelerate when a neighbor is【C19】______ in front of you". It is also found that a fish only responds to a single nearest neighbor at any one time. Those【C20】______ to be the rules people use when they are driving. [br] 【C16】
选项 A、faults
B、frames
C、patterns
D、clues
答案 C
解析 名词辨析题。句意为：研究人员使用一种名叫人工神经网络的技术，在数据中寻找一种模式。由上下文可知，人们对于动物会自发形成队伍有序行进的现象很感兴趣。而研究人员则希望从中发现规律(rules)，以便应用于交通秩序维护和改善之中。patterns“模式”之中包含有规律、有秩序之意，因此为答案。根据上述分析，易先排除faults“差错”和clues“线索”；frames“构架，骨架”则主要强调相对稳定且直观的结构方式，而不是潜在的规律等，因此也应排除。
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