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  3. Happiness used to be labeled as a genetic trait influenced by early life exp

Happiness used to be labeled as a genetic trait influenced by early life exp

游客2023-11-16  68
问题     Happiness used to be labeled as a genetic trait influenced by early life experiences. However, it has been【C1】______by new research from Germany. It found feelings of happiness and well-being respond to【C2】______ factors such as healthy lifestyle, religion and working hours.
    Lead researcher, Bruce Headey of the Melbourne Institute at the University of Melbourne, says the findings suggest genes only account【C3】______ around 50 percent of well-being, with other factors responsible for the rest.
    The researchers【C4】______ more than 60,000 people aged 16 years or older, every year between 1984 and 2008. A large number of the【C5】______reported substantial and apparently permanent changes in【C6】______, or happiness, indicating that set-point theory has significant
【C7】______.
    The dominant theory in psychology has lieen the set-point theory, which【C8】______that long-term happiness in adults is【C9】______ stable, or has a set-point, relying on genetic factors,【C10】______ personality traits molded and expressed early in life.
    Set-point theory has long【C11】______ high anxiety among economists. At its core, it suggests that because happiness levels are both【C12】______and unique to each individual, and there is little point in【C13】______in people’s lives on either micro or macro【C14】______, such as through economic policy, which would have little if any long-term effect. This suggests economists would be better off【C15】______ happiness—also known as subjective utility—indirectly by looking at consumption and leisure choices.
    However, lifestyle choices, partnering options and religion,【C16】______ working hours and social participation were all found to have a【C17】______impact on the levels of happiness of the study participants, though【C18】______ it was thought that these factors could have short-term impacts on happiness, but【C19】______happiness would eventually resettle to its set-point.
    As a result, the researchers suggest a new measure of happiness that【C20】______ into account both set-point theory and other factors. [br] 【C14】
选项 A、criteria
B、statuses
C、levels
D、extents
答案 C
解析 名词辨析题。句意同上。选项中只有level“水平；等级”符合句意，表示经济学家从两个层面，或是两个水平上进行干预，一个是总体(或宏观)的层面，另一个是个体(或微观)的层面。criteria是criterion的复数形式，意指“(评判的)标准，尺度”；status表示“身份；状况”；extent表示“程度”时，与介词to连用，因此均不符合文意和语境，故排除。
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