首页
登录
职称英语
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set
游客
2023-11-15
22
管理
问题
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately, errors frequently occur, and we are not talking about simple carelessness as occurs when two numbers are incorrectly added, nor do we mean errors resulting from simple forgetfulness. Rather, we have in mind errors of a logic nature — those resulting from faulty reasoning. Now, or at least soon, computers will be capable of error-free logical reasoning in a variety of areas. The key to avoiding errors is to use a computer program that relies on the last two decades research in the field of automated theorem proving. AURA (Automated Reasoning Assistant) is the program that best exemplifies this use of the computer.
AURA solves a problem by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. Program does not learn, nor is it self-analytical, but it reaches logical conclusions flawlessly. It used various types of reasoning and, more important, has access to very powerful and sophisticated logical strategies. AURA seldom relies on brute force to find solutions. Instead it solves almost all problems by using sophisticated techniques to find a contradiction. One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For example, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system’s design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor’s design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy, known as the set of support strategy, lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid the many fruitless steps required to explore the entire theory underlying the problem. Almost never does the program proceed by carrying out an exhaustive search.
The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit design validation, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist "expert systems" that include a component for reasoning. An expert system is a special purpose program designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert programs, unlike human experts, do not die. Such systems continue to improve and have an indefinite life span. Moreover, they can be replicated for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be duplicated any number of times.
Will the computer replace the human being? Certainly not. It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce — that is, design more clever computer programs and more efficient, more useful components. Reasoning programs will also analyze their own progress, learn from their attempts to solve a problem, and redirect their attack on a problem. Such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Their impact will be felt in design, manufacturing, law, medicine, and other areas. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas. These ideas will be partially formulated and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided. [br] Which of the following titles best describes the content of the text?
选项
A、Using Computers to Assist Human Reasoning
B、Scientific Applications of Computers
C、Some Suggested Applications for AURA
D、Scientific Applications of Logical Reasoning
答案
A
解析
文章第一段末点明主题“一种计算机程序AURA可帮助人们检查逻辑推理方面的错误”,接下来几段主要介绍AURA的推理过程和具体应用,由此可知,全文主要介绍AURA这种电脑程序在人类推理中的协助作用,故答案为[A]。其他三个选项均不能准确表达此主题,故排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3188475.html
相关试题推荐
Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividual
Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividual
Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividual
Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividual
Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividual
Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividual
Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividual
Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividual
Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividual
Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividual
随机试题
Thisisastoryabout______.[br]TherewasalookofangeronLordNorthwood’s
REVERE:A、blasphemeB、rejectC、emulateD、confoundE、degradeA
[originaltext]M:Hi,honey!What’sgoingon?W:Ihavegreatnewstotellyou.
有些大型跨国公司的管理层会采用外包内部审计职能的政策,这种作法主要是基于这样的认
采用圆锥动力触探试验确定某桥涵地基的承载力,已知该地基为碎石土,桥涵地基的最小边
有固定的场所,有目的、按计划、系统地进行,既有班级整体施教、又有小组施教和个别施
图5表示通过突触传递信息的示意图,下列叙述正确是()。 A.①内的神经递
能阻止类风湿关节炎关节侵蚀及破坏的药物是()A.非甾体类抗炎药 B.抗风
符合恶性组织细胞病的特点是( )。A.持续高热 B.外周血呈重度贫血 C.
关于中国的历史,不仅中国学者在研究与思索,在美国、欧洲等地,也同样有学者试图对之
最新回复
(
0
)