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  3. In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. Th

In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. Th

游客2023-11-12  20
问题     In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.
    These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can’t change your behaviour by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It’s more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you’re a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you’ll probably do so, too.
    The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.
    Much of our behaviour, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward.
    You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that’ll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don’t try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.
    Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural(神经系统) networks inside.
    To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You’re trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.
    This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness.
    If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you’re probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don’t just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief. [br] We learn from the passage that the new character model______.
选项 A、has been used to change behaviour successfully
B、deals better with emotional aspects of behaviour
C、stresses the neural and psychological aspects of habit change
D、can bring about changes in one’s life like what advertisers do
答案 C
解析 细节题。由题干中的the new character model定位到原文倒数第二、三、四段。由倒数第四段中的“which is supposed to manipulate the neural(神经系统)networks inside”和倒数第三段中的“To be an effective person，under this model，you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits”可推知，[C]项内容与文意相符，故为答案。[A]“has been used to change behaviour successfully”，表述过于绝对化，故排除；[B]中“deals better”的含义在原文中并未提及，故排除；由末段首句“If you think you can change your life in a clever way，the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener，you’re probably wrong．”很显然，[D]的表述与文意正好相反，故排除。
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