首页
登录
职称英语
The never-ceasing pace of scientific accomplishment often surpasses the prog
The never-ceasing pace of scientific accomplishment often surpasses the prog
游客
2023-11-12
32
管理
问题
The never-ceasing pace of scientific accomplishment often surpasses the progress of moral thought, leaving people struggling to make sense, initially at least, of whether heart transplants are ethical or test-tube babies desirable. Over the past three decades scientists have begun to investigate a branch of medicine that offers astonishing promise—the ability to repair the human body and even grow new organs—but which destroys early-stage embryos to do so. In "The Stem Cell Hope" Alice Park, a science writer at Time magazine, chronicles the scientific;, political, ethical and personal struggles of those involved in the work.
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent(多功能性的): they have the ability to change into any one of the 200-odd types of cell that compose the human body; but they can do so only at a very early stage. Once the bundle has reached more than about 150 cells, they start to specialize. Research into repairing severed spinal cords or growing new hearts has thus needed a supply of stem cells that come from entities that, given a more favorable environment, could instead grow into a baby.
Immediately after the announcement of the birth of Dolly the sheep—the clone of an adult ewe whose mammary(乳腺的)cells Ian Wilmut had tricked into behaving like a developing embryo—American scientists were hauled before the nation’s politicians who were uneasy at the implication that people might also be cloned. Concern at the speed of scientific progress had previously stalled publicly funded research into controversial topics, for example, into in vitro fertilization. But it did not stop the work from taking place; instead the IVF industry blossomed in the private sector, funded by couples desperate for a baby and investors who had spotted a profitable new market.
That is also what happened with human stem cells. After a prolonged struggle over whether to ban research outright—which pitted Nancy Reagan, whose husband suffered from Alzheimer’s disease, against a father who asked George Bush’s advisers, " Which one of my children would you kill?"—Mr. Bush blocked the use of government money to fund research on any new human embryonic stem-cell cultures. But research did not halt completely; Geron, a biopharmaceutical(生物制药的)company based in Menlo Park, California, had started "to mop up this orphaned innovation" , as Ms Park puts it, by recruiting researchers whose work brought them into conflict with the funding restrictions.
Meanwhile, in South Korea a scientist claimed not only to have cloned human embryos but also to have created patient-specific cultures that could, in theory, be used to patch up brain damage or grow a kidney. Alas, he was wrong. But a Japanese scientist did manage to persuade adult skin cells to act like stem cells. If it proves possible to scale up his techniques , that would remove the source of the controversy over stem-cell research.
Three months after he took office, Barack Obama lifted restrictions on federal funding for research on new stem-cell cultures, saying that he thought sound science and moral values were consistent with one another. But progress has been slow; the first human trials in America, involving two people with spinal-cord injuries who have been injected with stem cells developed by Geron, are only just under way. The sick children who first inspired scientists to conduct research into stem cells in order to develop treatments that might help them are now young adults. As Ms Park notes, the fight over stem-cell research is not over, and those who might benefit from stem-cell medicine remain in need. [br] We can infer from Paragraph 1 that______.
选项
A、scientific achievements occur at a slower rate than people’s expectation
B、repairing human bodies and growing new organs have already been realized
C、Alice Park has proved the meaning of stem cells in "The Stem Cell Hope"
D、people are concerned about moral and ethical implications of scientific research
答案
D
解析
推理题。根据文章第一段可知,科学进步的步伐经常超越人们的心理和道德接受的速度。从最初的心脏移植、试管婴儿到更先进的身体修复和器官在原体内的重新生长的科学愿景,人们一直在疑惑这样的科学成就是否合乎道德标准或值得期待,一位科学家就这些问题写了一篇关于这一研究在科学、政治、道德和私人层面上带来的潜在影响的文章。综上所述,我们可以推断出人们对这些科研的道德影响很关注,故[D]为正确答案,同时排除[A]和[C]。根据第一段第二句“在过去的三十年里,科学家们已经开始研究将给我们带来神奇效果的医学分支——人体修复和新器官的培育生长”,可知[B]陈述错误,故排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3179930.html
相关试题推荐
______theadvancesofscientificforecasting,inspiteofthethousandsofdail
Thenever-ceasingpaceofscientificaccomplishmentoftensurpassestheprog
Nowscientistscannotrealize______soonthatexistingscientificknowledgeis
Ourscientificfindingscannotberegardedas______.insuchashortperiodof
______itis,adreamorascientificfact,allthinkersaboutthespacetravel
Itisoftenmoredifficultthantogetfinancialsupportforscientificresearch
The______ofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunde
______itis,adreamorascientificfact,allthinkersaboutthespacetravel
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarenes
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarenes
随机试题
EachofQuestions1to7presentstwoquantities.QuantityAandQuantityB.Com
Soviet’sNewWorkingWeekHistorianinvestigateshowStalinchangedthecalendar
女士们、先生们,朋友们:在中国农历新年伊始,我很荣幸访问英国,并出席“时代中国”活动开幕式。我谨代表中国政府,对“时代中国”活动的隆重开幕表示热烈祝贺
______nofurtherbusiness,theChairmanclosedthemeeting.A、ThereisB、Therew
关于难免流产下列哪项是正确的A.流产已不可避免 B.妊娠产物已部分排出体外
女性,28岁。近4天来出现低热、刺激性干咳,伴左侧胸痛。查体:双肺叩诊清音,双肺
A. B. C. D.
2018年6月6日,甲公司在P银行开立主办账户,并与其签订协议开通
根据《标准施工招标文件》,施工合同履行过程中发生过程变更时,由( )向承包人发出
某施工项目经理对商品混凝土的施工成本进行分析,发现其目标成本是44万元,实际成本
最新回复
(
0
)