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  3. In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. A recent pol

In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. A recent pol

游客2023-11-09  18
问题     In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. A recent poll showed that 40% of Americans (1)______ the practice. Tips should not exist. So(2)______ do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both (3)______ the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality.(4)______ according to new research from Cornell University, tipping(5)______ serves any useful functions.
    The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The(6)______ between larger tips and better service was very(7)______: only a tiny part of the(8)______ in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as "excellent" still tipped(9)______ between 8% and 37% of the meal price.
    Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom(10)______ institutionalized: it is regarded as part of the(11)______ cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean(12)______ from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who(13)______ your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being(14)______ by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really (15)______ at all.
    How to(16)______ for these national differences? According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper’s coauthor, countries in which people are more extrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves(17)______ about being served by strangers. And, says Mr. Lynn, "in America, where people are(18)______ and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly people think less of you. " Icelanders,(19)______, do not usually tip — a measure of their(20)______, no doubt. [br] (14)
选项 A、shifted
B、repaid
C、taken
D、replaced
答案 D
解析 词义辨析题。replace“取代，替换”为及物动词，符合句意，故D正确。shift表示“改变，转移”与句意不符；repay表示“偿还”，构成形似干扰；take需与over搭配，才可表示“接替”。
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