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  3. The mystery of the expansion of sea ice around Antarctica, at the same time

The mystery of the expansion of sea ice around Antarctica, at the same time

游客2023-11-03  23
问题     The mystery of the expansion of sea ice around Antarctica, at the same time as global warming is melting swaths of Arctic sea ice, has been solved using data from U. S. military satellites.
    Two decades of measurements show that changing wind patterns around Antarctica have caused a small increase in sea ice, the result of cold winds off the continent blowing ice away from the coastline.
    "Until now these changes in ice drift were only speculated upon using computer models," said Paul Holland at the British Antarctic Survey. "Our study of direct satellite observations shows the complexity of climate change. "
    "The Arctic is losing sea ice five times faster than the Antarctic is gaining it, so, on average, the Earth is losing sea ice very quickly. There is no inconsistency between our results and global warming. "
    The extent of sea ice is of global importance because the bright ice reflects sunlight far more than the ocean, meaning temperature rises still further.
    This summer saw a record low in Arctic sea ice since satellite measurements began 30 years ago. Holland said the changing pattern of sea ice at both poles would also affect global ocean circulation, with unknown effects. He noted that while Antarctic sea ice was growing, the Antarctic ice cap—the glacier and snow pack on the continent—was losing mass, with the fresh water flowing into the ocean.
    The research on Antarctic sea ice, published in Nature Geoscience, revealed large regional variations. In places where warm winds blowing from the tropics towards Antarctica had become stronger, sea ice was being lost rapidly. "In some areas, such as the Bellingshausen Sea, the sea ice is being lost as fast as in the Arctic," said Holland.
    But in other areas, sea ice was being added as sea water left behind ice being blown away from the coast froze. The net effect is that there has been an extra 17, 000 sq km of sea ice each year since 1978—about a tenth of a percent of the maximum sea ice cover.
    Antarctica is a continent surrounded by an ocean, whereas the Arctic is an ocean surrounded by a continent. For that reason, said Holland, sea ice was not able to expand by the same mechanism in the Arctic as at the southern pole, because if winds pushed the ice away from the pole it quickly hit land.
    Holland did the research with Ron Kwok at Nasa’s jet propulsion laboratory in California, where maps of sea ice movements were created from more than 5m individual daily measurements collected over 19 years. The maps showed, for the first time, the long-term changes in sea ice drift around Antarctica.
    Kwok said: "The Antarctic sea ice cover interacts with the global climate system very differently than that of the Arctic, and these results highlight the sensitivity of the Antarctic ice coverage to changes in the strength of the winds around the continent. "  [br] What is the main idea of this passage?
选项 A、The sea ice changes in Antarctic are different from those in Arctic.
B、Global warming influences the ice coverage at both poles.
C、Maps of sea ice movements around Antarctica and Arctic were made.
D、The melting of Arctic sea ice is faster than the expanding of Antarctic sea ice.
答案 A
解析 主旨题。文章开篇提到，通过美国军事卫星传回的数据已破解了南极海冰随着北极融化而扩大这一谜团，测量数据表明南极周围多变的风向导致了海冰的微幅增长。接着对比了北极海冰减少的速度和南极海冰增加的速度。然后以《自然·地球科学》里一篇关于南极海冰的文章为例，解释了巨大的地区差异，在南极某些地方海冰减少的速度和在北极一样快，但在南极的其他地方，海冰的面积增加。文章最后提到南极的海冰冰盖与全球气候系统的交互作用和北极的区别很大。由此可知，本文主要讨论的是[A]“南极海冰的变化与北极不同”。[B]“全球变暖影响两极海冰的覆盖面积”在文中并未提及，故排除；[C]“南极和北极周围的海冰轨迹图已绘制完毕”和[D]“北极海冰消融的速度比南极海冰增长的速度快”在文中均有所提及，但这只是文章讨论的某个方面，而非文章的主题，故均可排除。
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