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  3. In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports

In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports

游客2023-10-31  32
问题     In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos related death, the National Medical Research Council (NMRC) organized a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry. After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the Council published a report which included advices for dealing with asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestos fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible for the development of cancers, asbestosis (石棉沉着病) and related diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its availability and low cost.
    As a result, the Council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They suggested that, where possible, asbestos-free materials should be employed. In cases where asbestos was employed, it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibers were less likely to enter the air. The report advised that special care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner.
    The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the risk factors. In addition, dust formation was found to be limited where asbestos was used when wet rather than dry.
    The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools and, where possible, the use of the latter was preferred.
    A critical factor which takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and so natural or machine ventilation should be used. By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practical minimum. [br] _____ can be regarded as a way to keep the adequate ventilation.
选项 A、Wearing protective clothes
B、Using hand tools
C、Opening the windows
D、Taking special care
答案 C
解析 根据题干中的keep the adequate ventilation定位到第5段。该段第l句提到了the adequate ventilation，接着第2句明确指出，在封闭的工作环境中，应当采用自然通风或机器通风(以有效减少石棉微粒的传播)。四个选项中只有打开窗户是一种自然通风方式，故C是本题答案。根据文中的叙述，穿防护衣、使用手工工具都是降低石棉危害的方法，但不是保持通风的途径，故可排除A、B。D(采取特殊保护)是报告对在含有石棉的环境中工作时的建议，与题意不符，故也排除。
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