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  3. In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports

In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports

游客2023-10-31  28
问题     In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos related death, the National Medical Research Council (NMRC) organized a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry. After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the Council published a report which included advices for dealing with asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestos fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible for the development of cancers, asbestosis (石棉沉着病) and related diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its availability and low cost.
    As a result, the Council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They suggested that, where possible, asbestos-free materials should be employed. In cases where asbestos was employed, it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibers were less likely to enter the air. The report advised that special care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner.
    The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the risk factors. In addition, dust formation was found to be limited where asbestos was used when wet rather than dry.
    The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools and, where possible, the use of the latter was preferred.
    A critical factor which takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and so natural or machine ventilation should be used. By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practical minimum. [br] All the following factors determine the level of risk involved EXCEPT
选项 A、the state of asbestos.
B、the moisture.
C、the choice of tools.
D、the temperature.
答案 D
解析 根据题干中的determine the level of risk定位到第3、4段。第3段第2、3句和第4段分别提到了石棉的状态和类型、在潮湿而不是干燥的环境使用石棉的好处、工具的选用能决定风险的程度，没有提到的是温度。故选D。根据义中的相应叙述，能很快将A(石棉的状态)、C(工具的选用)予以排除。B(湿度)最具干扰性，但第3段末句指出，石棉在潮湿环境下使用可以减少灰尘的形成，而灰尘是人体接触石棉的重要载体。据此分析，工作环境的湿度也是影响风险程度的因素，故B也排除。
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