首页
登录
职称英语
The Linguistic Gift of BabiesⅠ. Critical age Decline of babies’ language le
The Linguistic Gift of BabiesⅠ. Critical age Decline of babies’ language le
游客
2023-10-28
34
管理
问题
The Linguistic Gift of Babies
Ⅰ. Critical age
Decline of babies’ language learning ability occurs at the age of
【T1】______.
Ⅱ. Lab work
1. Research focus:
How babies learn 【T2】______ in the first critical period
2. Research aims:
developing a model for babies in their critical periods of
—language acquisition
—social, emotional and 【T3】______ development
3. Research process:
Babies need to listen.
They are trained to turn their heads when 【T4】______.
A panda bear pounds a drum if babies are correct.
4. Participants:
【T5】______ babies
5. Results:
Babies can 【T6】______ of all languages.
Babies become language-bound before 【T7】______.
—sound reaction between American and Japanese babies
—6 to 8 months old: 【T8】______
—two months later: 【T9】______
Two events during the critical two months
—【T10】______when listening to a language
—change of babies’ brains when distributions grow
Ⅲ. Conclusion
Language learning may slow down when sound distributions become stable. [br] 【T1】
The Linguistic Gift of Babies
Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I’m going to talk about something you can’t see. That is, what’s going on in the little brain of a baby, for example, how babies learn a language. It is always a question people show great interest in. (1) Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven, and then there’s a systematic decline. (2) Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development, and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language. (3) We think, by studying how the sounds are learned, we’ll have a model for the rest of language, and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development. So we’ve been studying the babies by conducting an experiment. (4/5) During our experiment, the baby, usually a six-months, sits on a parent’s lap, and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes—like from "ah" to "ee". If they do so at the appropriate time, the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum.
What have we learned? Well, babies all over the world are what I like to describe as "citizens of the world". (6) They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages, no matter what country we’re testing and what language we’re using, and that’s remarkable because yoUKnow, I can’t do that. We’re culture-bound listeners. We can discriminate the sounds of our own language, but not those of foreign languages. So the question arises: When do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are? (7) And the answer: before their first birthdays. What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States, here in Seattle, as they listened to the "ra" and "la"—sounds important to English, but not to Japanese. (8) So at six to eight months, the babies are totally equivalent. (9) Two months later, something, something incredible occurs. The babies in the United States are getting a lot better while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.
So the question is: What’s happening during this critical two-month period? We know this is the critical period for sound development, but what’s going on up there? Maybe there are two things going on. (10-1) The first is that the babies are listening intently to us, and they’re taking statistics as they listen to us talk—they’re taking statistics. That is to say, the two babies listen to their own mother speaking motherese—the universal language we use when we talk to kids.
(10-2) During the production of speech, when babies listen, what they’re doing is taking statistics, that is, sound distribution on the language that they hear. And those sound distributions grow and babies absorb more. And what we’ve learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different. I mean, the sound distribution of both languages is different. So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains; it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics. In this case, of course, we’re arguing that the learning of language material may slow down when our distribution stabilizes.
OK. Today, we just talked about a recent project on babies’ language development. In our next lecture, we will concentrate on bilingual people, how bilinguals keep two sets of statistics in mind at once.
选项
答案
seven
解析
根据句(1)可知,婴幼儿在七岁之前都是学习语言的天才,此后,他们的语言学习机能会逐渐减弱。故答案为seven。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3137427.html
相关试题推荐
Languagebelongstoeachmemberofthesociety,tothecleaner______tothepro
ASocioculturalApproachtoReading,LanguageandLiteracyI.T
ASocioculturalApproachtoReading,LanguageandLiteracyI.T
UsingLyricstoDevelopStudents’CriticalLiteracySonglyr
UsingLyricstoDevelopStudents’CriticalLiteracySonglyr
UsingLyricstoDevelopStudents’CriticalLiteracySonglyr
UsingLyricstoDevelopStudents’CriticalLiteracySonglyr
UsingLyricstoDevelopStudents’CriticalLiteracySonglyr
UsingLyricstoDevelopStudents’CriticalLiteracySonglyr
UsingLyricstoDevelopStudents’CriticalLiteracySonglyr
随机试题
Whydoesthespeakersaytherearegreatpossibilitiesofcommunicationbreakdow
[originaltext]W:Departmentofartdesignandmedia,canIhelpyou?M:Yes.[1
ThebesttimetoviewtheMonaLisa,accordingtoanewbookonthebesttim
关于多囊卵巢综合征病生机制错误的是A.高胰岛素血症 B.下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴调
水灭火系统中消防水泵接合器包括()安装。A.法兰接管及弯头 B.接合器井
糖皮质激素A.促进葡萄糖的利用 B.减少红细胞和淋巴细胞的数目 C.减
下列各项,属“五行相乘”传变的是A.心病及脾 B.心病及肾 C.心病及肺
为了培养幼儿想象力,老师让幼儿画蝴蝶,下列做法恰当的是(?)。A.老师画好左半边
下列不属于商业银行获取资金,满足流动性需求快捷通道的是()。A.债券市场交易
工程建设其他费用中与未来企业生产经营有关的费用包括()。A.联合试运转费
最新回复
(
0
)