2. 职称英语
  3. (1) How did your friend get you to babysit her kids for the weekend, or your

(1) How did your friend get you to babysit her kids for the weekend, or your

游客2023-10-28  38
问题    (1) How did your friend get you to babysit her kids for the weekend, or your sister talk you into hosting the next book club meeting? They probably asked when you were anxious about a work project or stressed about making an impending mortgage payment.
   (2) Stress, however, isn’t traditionally associated with altruism. When self-discipline wanes, such as when you are hurried, hungry or distracted, you are less likely to be helpful to strangers (if you’re late for an appointment, you’re probably not stopping to help the person who just dropped the contents of his briefcase). That makes intuitive sense: helping someone you are unlikely to ever see again when you feel least in control of your own life isn’t likely to be productive.
   (3) Yet such selfishness seems at odds with the need for cooperation in a social species that relies on support from others for survival. So researchers have suspected that this pattern may only hold true for strangers—and that stress and periods when you feel your life is out of your control might actually increase sacrifice toward loved ones since collaboration with those upon whom you regularly rely is essential for survival.
   (4) "In communal (公共的) relationships, the habitual behavior is to take care of each other’s needs," says Francesca Righetti, assistant professor of psychology at VU University in Amsterdam.
   (5) The study, which was published in Psychological Science, involved several experiments in which some participants were intentionally distracted by subtitles (字幕) on a silent video, while others were not. The volunteers were then asked about sacrifices they would make for either a long-term significant other, or a best friend.
   (6) Those who had to cope with the distraction—a task known to reduce self-control—were more likely to say they would sacrifice for their friends or partners by going out with people they did not like (but whom their partners or friends liked) or by performing an embarrassing task for their loved one.
   (7) Righetti says that couples often face situations where their interests diverge and one must give up something for the other—like choosing whether to see one partner’s friends or deciding on a beach or mountain vacation.
   (8) "In these situations people need to choose between pursuing their own wishes and sacrificing to promote the well-being of their partner or relationship," she says. "We found that when people are in a loving relationship, their impulsive response to these types of circumstances is to be nice and benefit their partner even if this is costly for them. "
   (9) The results confirm what most young children know intuitively—that if you want something from mom or dad, you should hit them when they’re distracted by something else. They also resolve what seemed to be a paradox: that good self-control is associated with happiness and success, but could be poison for relationships by leading to selfish behavior. It seems there’s a balance between what we’re ready to give and what we take from our different interactions with people. Self-centeredness, these findings suggest, may apply primarily to strangers. When it comes to people we love, we’re willing to suffer. [br] According to the passage, which of the following is INCORRECT?
选项 A、Good self-discipline leads to happiness and success.
B、A balance between giving and receiving can be reached.
C、When strangers ask for help, we tend to reject.
D、Self-centeredness works when we are facing people we love.
答案 D
解析 细节题。根据文章第九段最后两句可知，这些发现说明，以自我为中心的情况只适用于陌生人。当涉及我们爱的人时，我们会甘愿受苦。由此可知，以自我为中心的做法在面对爱人时，就不再起作用了，故选[D]，同时排除[C]。根据第九段第二句可知，好的自我控制与幸福和成功有关，故排除[A]；根据第九段第三句可知，看起来，我们愿意给予的和我们从不同的互动中得到的可以达到平衡，故排除[B]。
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