首页
登录
职称英语
Academic Titles at US CollegesⅠ. Tenure professors A 【T1】______ is usually ne
Academic Titles at US CollegesⅠ. Tenure professors A 【T1】______ is usually ne
游客
2023-10-28
35
管理
问题
Academic Titles at US Colleges
Ⅰ. Tenure professors
A 【T1】______ is usually needed
The appointment is 【T2】______
They can’t be 【T3】______
Ⅱ. 【T4】______
The first job on the tenure track
【T5】______ years to gain tenure
If tenure is 【T6】______, they have to find another job
Ⅲ. 【T7】______
Assistant professors who receive tenure
IV. Adjunct professors
Teach for a 【T8】______
Lower pay and no 【T9】______
Account for 68% of all teacher appointments partly because of 【T10】______
Have no time or support to help students
V. Visiting professors
Get a job at one school but works at another
VI. Lecturers
Teach classes
A doctorate is not a necessary condition [br] 【T1】
Academic Titles at US Colleges
Not everyone who teaches in a college or university is a professor. Many are instructors or lecturers. In fact, not even all professors are full professors. Many of them are assistant or associate professors or adjunct professors.
So what do all of these different academic titles mean at American colleges and universities? Get ready for a short lecture, especially if you are flunking of a career in higher education.
[1]
Professors usually need a doctoral degree.
But sometimes a school will offer positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate. This person would be called an instructor until the degree has been completed. After that, the instructor could become an assistant professor. Assistant professors do not have tenure.
[2]
Tenure means a permanent appointment.
This goal of greater job security is harder to reach these days. Fewer teaching positions offer the chance for tenure. [3]
A professor with tenure cannot be easily dismissed.
Such appointments are permanent. Those hired with the understanding they will seek tenure are said to be "on the tenure track." [4]
Assistant professor is the first job on this path.
[5]
Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure.
During this time, other faculty members study the per-son’s work. [6]
If tenure is denied, then the assistant professor usually has a year to find another job.
Candidates for tenure may feel great pressure to get research published. "Publish or perish" is the traditional saying. [7]
An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor.
An associate professor may later be appointed a full professor. Assistant, associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also serve on committees and take part in other community activities.
Other faculty members are not expected to do all these jobs. They are not on a tenure track. Instead, they might be in adjunct or visiting positions. [8]
An adjunct professor is hired to teach for a limited time, usually one semester.
Adjunct professors may have a doctorate. [9]
But they receive lower pay than those on the tenure track and have no job security.
The American Association of University Professors says sixty-eight percent of all teacher appointments at American colleges today are adjuncts. [10]
College officials say one reason is low budgets.
Another is having the freedom to change teachers as courses become more or less popular. They also say part-time adjuncts can provide real world experience for their students. But the AAUP and other college officials say too many adjuncts mean lower educational quality. They say adjuncts do not have the time or support to help students outside class. And they say fewer tenure track positions mean fewer people to work with students, create new courses and serve on committees.
A visiting professor has a job at one school but works at another for a period of time, Another position is that of lecturer. Lecturers teach classes, but they may or may not have a doctorate.
选项
答案
doctoral degree / doctor degree / doctorate
解析
本题考查成为终身聘用教授的必备条件之一。录音开头提到美国大学学术头衔很多。不是每个人都是教授,教授通常需要博士学位,因此填入doctoral degree,也可填入doctor degree或doctorate,表示“博士学位”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3136041.html
相关试题推荐
Whatiswrongwiththeacademicpaper?[br][originaltext]M:Hithere,I’dthou
Today,moreandmoreparentsaresendingtheirchildrentocollegesanduniversi
PASSAGETWOCollegesupgradetheirimagebychangingtheirnames.本文主要讨论了美国一些学院为了提
(1)Aconventionalteacher’slicenseusuallyrequiresauniversitydegreein
(1)Pageants(露天演出)areusuallyconceivedonafairlylargescale,oftenunde
(1)Pageants(露天演出)areusuallyconceivedonafairlylargescale,oftenunde
Aftergraduatingfromcolleges,mostgraduateshavetofaceadifficultchoi
Peopleareusuallyconfusedbythesurfaceofthingsandneglectthetruth.
Therewere500_______attheinternationalacademicconferencethissummer.A、sp
Whenapersonhasaninfectiousdisease,heisusually_______fromotherpeople.
随机试题
【B1】[br]【B5】[originaltext]It’snevertooearlytosaveyourskin—oryour
Sportsisoneoftheworld’slargestindustries,andmostathletesareprofe
下列有关给水工程的说法中,哪几项不正确?()A.给水系统的水质必须符合国家现
目前演出市场综艺晚会等组台演出很多,关于其排练制作,以下说法错误的是()。
大宗商品衍生工具不包括( )。A.远期合约 B.期货合约 C.期权合约
下列选项中,应当计入生产成本的是()。A.制造费用 B.销售费用 C.管理
(2017年真题)在期货市场上,结算部门的职能是提供交易设施。()
在决定上大学的合理年限是,决策的基本依据是上大学的()。A.平均成本等于平均收
合同法律关系包含的要素有( )。A.主体 B.内容 C.法律规范 D.法律
男,54岁。20天内呕血2次,每次呕血之后大便发黑。乙肝病史30年。贫血貌,浅表
最新回复
(
0
)