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Social History of the East End of London 1. lst-4th centuri
Social History of the East End of London 1. lst-4th centuri
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2023-10-27
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问题
Social History of the East End of London
1. lst-4th centuries
Produce from the area was used to【T1】______ the people of London.【T1】______
2. 5th- 10th centuries
New technology allowed the production of goods made of【T2】______ and leather.
【T2】______
3. 11th century
Lack of【T3】______ in the East End encouraged the growth of businesses.【T3】______
4. 16th century
- Construction of facilities for the building of【T4】______ stimulated international trade.
【T4】______
- Agricultural workers came from other parts of【T5】______ to look for work.
【T5】______
5. 17th century
Marshes were drained to provide land that could be【T6】______ on.【T6】______
6. 19th century
Inhabitants lived in conditions of great【T7】______ with very poor sanitation.
【T7】______
7. Early 20th century
Living conditions for most workers were【T8】______:【T8】______
- Houses were【T9】______ closely together【T9】______
-【T10】______ of the housing was the major concern【T10】______ [br] 【T7】
Social History of the East End of London
In the last few weeks, we’ve been looking at various aspects of the social history of London, and this morning we’re continuing with a look at life in the area called the East End. I’ll start with a brief history of the district, and then focus on life in the early twentieth century.
Back in the first to the fourth centuries A.D., when the Romans controlled England, London grew into a town of 45,000 people, and that’s now the East End—the area by the river Thames, and along the road heading northeast from London to the coast—consisted of farmland with crops and livestock which helped to feed that population.
The Romans left in 410, at the beginning of the fifth century, and from then onwards the country suffered a series of invasions by tribes from present-day Germany and Denmark, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, many of whom settled in the East End. The technology they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time. And as the East End was by the river, ships could transport goods between there and foreign markets.
In the eleventh century, in 1066 to be precise, the Normans conquered England, and during the next few centuries London became one of the most powerful and prosperous cities in Europe. The East End benefited from this, and because there were fewer restrictions there than in the city itself, plenty of newcomers settled there from abroad, bringing their skills as workers, merchants or money-lenders during the next few hundred years.
In the sixteenth century the first dock was dug where ships were constructed, eventually making the East End the focus of massive international trade. And in the late sixteenth century, when much of the rest of England was suffering economically, a lot of agricultural workers came to the East End to look for alternative work.
In the seventeenth century, the East End was still a series of separate, semi-rural settlements. There was a shortage of accommodation, so marshland was drained and built on to house the large numbers of people now living there.
By the nineteenth century London was the busiest port in the world, and this became the main source of employment in the East End. Those who could afford to live in more pleasant surroundings moved out, and the area became one where the vast majority of people lived in extreme poverty, and suffered from appalling sanitary conditions.
That brief outline takes us to the beginning of the twentieth century, and now we’ll turn to housing. At the beginning of the century, 1iving conditions for the majority of working people in East London were very basic indeed. Houses were crowded closely together and usually very badly built, because there was no regulation. But the poor and needy were attracted by the possibility of work, and they had to be housed. It was the availability, rather than the condition, of the housing that was the major concern for tenants and landlords alike.
Now, that’s all for today, thanks.
选项
答案
poverty
解析
本题与19世纪居民的生活条件有关。录音提到,19世纪东区大多数居民,生活即为贫困,卫生状况骇人听闻。空格后有poor sanitation,因此空格处填入表示贫困的poverty。
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