首页
登录
职称英语
(1) Animation is older than cinema, indeed almost as old as photography. Niep
(1) Animation is older than cinema, indeed almost as old as photography. Niep
游客
2023-10-26
26
管理
问题
(1) Animation is older than cinema, indeed almost as old as photography. Niepce made the first still photograph in 1826, just six years before Plateau invented the Phenakistoscope. The Zoetrope appeared just a year later in 1833. These two devices were examples of what today we would call drawn animation, presenting a series of pictures to the viewer in rapid succession to give the illusion of movement. While such toys were highly popular in the nineteenth century, it was not until the birth of cinema at the end of the century that animated films could tell stories.
(2) Before the advent of CGI in the 1980s, animation techniques could be divided into two broad categories—drawn animation and model (or stop-motion) animation. The former involves photographing a series of two-dimensional images, usually drawings but sometimes cut-out shapes, while the latter uses three-dimensional puppets and models. Both techniques developed rapidly in the early years of cinema, with Cohl ("Fantasmagorie", 1908) and McCay ("Little Nemo", 1911) among the drawn animation pioneers and Starewicz ("The Revenge of a Kinematograph Cameraman", 1912) the pre-eminent puppet animator.
(3) The invention of eel animation by Hurd in 1914 was a key milestone. Not only did it reduce the work required to produce drawn animation by eliminating the need to redraw the backgrounds, it also made it possible to divide the work up among a team of specialists. One artist could design the characters, one draw the backgrounds, another produce key character frames as outline drawings, while yet others would work on the less inventive tasks of inking in outlines or filling in character movements ( "in-betweeners" ). The development of "rotoscoping" by the Fleischer brothers was another key improvement, leading to much more realistic character movement.
(4) While the cel technique transformed drawn animation into a streamlined production-line process, model animation remained very much an individual art. As a result it languished, while by the 1930s eel-animated shorts had become part of nearly every film program. As well as Disney, several of the studios, Warner Brothers and MGM in particular, had flourishing animation departments. Disney produced the first full-length animated feature, "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" in 1937 and from then on released a new one roughly every other year.
(5) The advent of widespread television in the 1960s had a profound effect on film programs. First newsreels were abandoned, as television news proved more efficient and immediate. Cartoon shorts were edged out more slowly, but became rare by the end of the 1960s. The animation studios, instead of making five-minute shorts for cinema exhibition, started making thirty-minute TV cartoons for children ("Top Cat", "Deputy Dawg" and "The Flintstones" for example). While stories of necessity became more complex, the cartoon drawings themselves became highly simplified to meet the budgets that TV imposed.
(6) Within the domain of animated shorts almost every conceivable technique has continued to be used, but until recently cartoon features have been produced exclusively using cel animation. Indeed, for more than forty years, from "Snow White" (1937) until "The Secret of NIMH" (Bluth/Goldman, 1982) almost all the feature-length cartoons came from a single studio, Disney. Model animation, while often used for special effects in fantasy and science fiction films, was not used for a feature-length animated film until "Nightmare" (1993). Despite the success of "Nightmare" we have not seen many more stop-motion 3D cartoons. Indeed there has been just one, "Chicken Run" (Lord/Park, 2000), although the long middle section of "James and the Giant Peach" (Selick, 1996) is entirely stop-motion. Instead there has been a series of very successful 3D cartoons generated completely by computers, starting with "Toy Story" in 1995. [br] Paragraph 2 is developed by______.
选项
A、cause and effect
B、chronological order
C、classification
D、exemplification
答案
C
解析
本题考查段落的组织结构手法。答题关键是要理解中心句的重心:动画技术可分成两大类,由此可知随后的细节阐述主要采用分类法。选项A是因果,选项B是时间顺序,选项D是举例。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3132528.html
相关试题推荐
Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,aski
—DoesAlanlikehamburgers?—Yes.Somuch_______thatheeatsthemalmostever
Hemusthavegonetothecinemalastnight,______?A、mustn’theB、hasn’theC、is
Ialmostsingeverysongoutof______eachtimeItrytohitthehighnotes.A、me
IalmostjumpedoutofmyskinwhenIsawmyboyfriendatthemovietheaterwith
Theseareasrelyonagriculturealmost______,havingfewmineralresourcesand
(1)Animationisolderthancinema,indeedalmostasoldasphotography.Niep
(1)Animationisolderthancinema,indeedalmostasoldasphotography.Niep
[originaltext]M:It’sasimplequestionatthecenterofalmostanydiscussion
[originaltext]M:It’sasimplequestionatthecenterofalmostanydiscussion
随机试题
OfalltheextraordinaryeventsinthelifeofJohnPaulII,fewcancompare
DoctorsinBritainarewarningofanobesitytimebomb,whenchildrenwhoar
“地球不是我们从父辈那里继承来的,而是我们从后辈那借来的。”这句话体现的辩证法原
某产妇足月顺产后2日,下腹部阵发性疼痛,宫底脐下3指,无压痛,阴道出血不多,无恶
道德最显著的特征是()A.实践性 B.客观性 C.继承性 D.他
某岩芯直径为50mm,长度为40mm,抗拉试验最大破坏荷载为2800N,岩石的抗
利用股指期货可以()。A.进行套期保值,降低投资组合的系统性风险 B.进行套
控制没有必要把握实际工作的每一个细节,这体现了控制应( )原则的要求。A.具有
与γ射线探伤相比,X射线探伤的特点有()。A.显示缺陷的灵敏度高 B.穿
根据《标准施工合同文件》,发包人经过验收后同意接收工程的,应()内,由监理人向
最新回复
(
0
)