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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committe

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committe

游客2023-10-22  21
问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】________ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently【C2】________ for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C3】________ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, or as a rejection of middle-class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,【C4】________ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C5】________ to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C6】________ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C7】________ lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C8】________ changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family pattern. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be a(n)【C9】________ on juvenile crime rates.
    Other【C10】________ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
    A. centering            B. penalized      C. sensitive        D. response
    E. influence            F. ignoring       G. turn             H. structure
    I. system               J. affect         K. identifiable     L. available
    M. experienced          N. relying        O. subject [br] 【C5】
选项
答案 O
解析 习惯用法及上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词，且与to构成常用词组。在可选范围内be subject to意为“受……支配；遭受……影响”，be sensitive to“对……敏感的”，be available to“可获得……”。根据上文“tentative”(不确定的，试验性的)一词可知这些理论是不成熟的，因而会受到各方面的批评，故选subject。
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