首页
登录
职称英语
What Makes Sound Beautiful? (69)Beauty is certainly mor
What Makes Sound Beautiful? (69)Beauty is certainly mor
游客
2023-10-19
69
管理
问题
What Makes Sound Beautiful?
(69)
Beauty is certainly more than skin-deep. However you might define it, beauty extends far beyond the visual to that which pleases other senses and even the mind.
The most important a-mong these other routes for the observation of beauty is the sense of hearing. Music is routinely recognized as beautiful. So are other sounds, like the whispering of wind through pines or the gentle purring of a cat.
Just as philosophers and scientists have struggled to define visual beauty, they have attempted to analyze the appeal of pleasant sounds as well. Ultimately, sonic(声音的)beauty is in the ear of the beholder. Research and intuition can, however, suggest reasons why one person considers a musical piece gorgeous while another considers it a bucketful of noise.
The existence of noise is a clue in itself. A conventional definition of noise would include adjectives like unwanted, annoying, disorganized, or meaningless. Sounds that have no discernible(可识别的)pattern to them or that intrude on mental order are not generally considered beautiful. The relationship of sound to the situation is crucial. An assertive orchestral piece like Copland’s "Fanfare for the Common Man" could be strikingly beautiful at a Fourth of July celebration yet decidedly annoying when it blares from someone else’s apartment while you are trying to concentrate on a difficult task.
But it is the quest to discover the role of pattern that takes us beyond such obvious intuitive judgments about the beauty of sound. In the 1930s, a mathematician named George Birkhoff proposed formulas that would place a given work of art on a numerical aesthetic(审美的)scale. More beautiful art would score higher than less beautiful art. He proposed different specifies for analyzing painting, or geometric figures, or poetry, or music, but his central formula is M =0 / C. The symbol M stands for beauty, 0 for organization, and C for complexity.(70)
In other words, a work of music that is very well organized and not very complicated scores higher than a work with similarly good organization but a high degree of complexity.
Organization is good, complexity is bad.
This aspect of Birkhoffs approach clearly oversimplifies the case. Organization and complexity do contribute to the perceived beauty of a musical piece, but not as mere opposites. They entwine and influence the piece in combination with each other and with other factors. To illustrate this, let’s consider one of those other factors, the musical experience and knowledge that a listener brings to a piece of music.
Music critics are well-known for disliking works that become immensely popular and for praising material that the general public finds boring or even unpleasant. Why should this disparity be so common? Or why should a 40-year-old who loved bouncy pop music during his teen years now find it hard to tolerate his own teenage children’s taste in music?
The answers probably involve a certain ideal level of complexity, a point where the complexity of a piece and the way it is organized are matched perfectly with a listener’s knowledge and experience. The work presents enough of a challenge so that the listener can enjoy thinking about and deciphering(解读)its patterns, but it is not so impossibly complex that the listener remains confused. A work that falls far below this ideal level is too simple or too familiar to be interesting. A work that reaches far above the ideal levels is frustrating and dissatisfying. [br] According to the passage, what is the relationship between organization and complexity when contributing to the perceived beauty of a musical piece?
选项
答案
Organization and complexity entwine influence the piece in combination with each other andwith other factors.
解析
(文章倒数第三段段倒数第二句提到organization and complexity的关系:They entwineand influence the piece in combination with each other and with other factors.)
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3112992.html
相关试题推荐
A.fightingB.subjectsC.certainlyD.question
A.fightingB.subjectsC.certainlyD.question
A.fightingB.subjectsC.certainlyD.question
A.fightingB.subjectsC.certainlyD.question
(1)Echowasabeautifulnymph,fondofthewoodsandhills,whereshedevote
Theartististhecreatorofbeautifulthings.Torevealartand【C1】____
Theartististhecreatorofbeautifulthings.Torevealartand【C1】____
Theartististhecreatorofbeautifulthings.Torevealartand【C1】____
Theartististhecreatorofbeautifulthings.Torevealartand【C1】____
Theartististhecreatorofbeautifulthings.Torevealartand【C1】____
随机试题
Likemanyotheraspectsofthecomputerage,Yahoobeganasanidea,【21】into
[originaltext]MostAmericansdon’tliketogetadvicefrommembersoftheir
卖盗版书、盗版光盘的人,大多数是不具合法经营资格的游商小贩。由于盗版书成本很低,
关于大肠杆菌的叙述不正确的是A.大肠杆菌是肠道内正常菌群,无致病性 B.转移到
教学韩愈的《早春呈水部张十八员外》时,教师指出这首诗表达了作者对春景的美好感受和
女性,35岁,腰痛伴左下肢放射痛3个月,脊柱侧凸,左小腿肌肉萎缩,足背感觉下降,
有关早孕反应的说法,下列哪种错误A.每个妇女均会出现 B.约在停经6周才有
共用题干 女,35岁。体重60kg,不慎落入石灰池中,被急送医院救治。检查:意
2009年度全国旅行社营业收入为1806.53亿元,同比增长8.64%;毛利润总
共用题干 女,55岁。左上后牙牙龈反复肿痛近1年,且口腔内有臭味。因糖尿病控制
最新回复
(
0
)