首页
登录
职称英语
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about ha
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about ha
游客
2023-10-16
84
管理
问题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann’s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won’t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann feel bad". Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among-acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous. [br] Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?
选项
A、An outline for future research
B、An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood terms
C、An analysis of a dispute between two theories
D、A discussion of research findings in an ongoing inquiry
答案
D
解析
文章列举Piaget, Keasey, Nesdale, Rule, Darley等人的研究结果,对儿童的是非判别能 力这一议题进行讨论。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3102739.html
相关试题推荐
Now,children,it’stimeyou________.A、arewashinganddressing
It’snosecretthatmanychildrenwouldbehealthierandhappierwithadopti
It’snosecretthatmanychildrenwouldbehealthierandhappierwithadopti
It’snosecretthatmanychildrenwouldbehealthierandhappierwithadopti
It’snosecretthatmanychildrenwouldbehealthierandhappierwithadopti
唯一使孩子们觉得重要的是,他们多久才能到他们的叔父的场去。Theonlythingthatreallymatterstothechildren
Howoldarethechildrentobeimmunized?[br][originaltext]Tensofthousands
Howoldarethechildrentobeimmunized?[originaltext]Tensofthousandsofhea
HowmanychildrenhasAlbert?[img]2011q4/ct_eyyjscm_eyyjsciq_0491_20111[/img]A、
Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.I
随机试题
HOLIDAYHOMESINMALLORCAHolidayapartmentsinMallorcansailingandfis
Accordingtothepassage,theInternationalWomen’sDayison______.[br]"Anot
A.减弱,紫光 B.减弱,红光 C.增强,紫光 D.增强,红光
2016年,我国全年完成邮电业务收入总量43344亿元,比上年增长52.7%。其
患者,男性,18岁,面颊痤疮满布,口干苦,小便黄,大便燥结,下列哪项水果不宜食用
A.10个月 B.6个月 C.12个月 D.4个月 E.8个月能扶物站立
刺激性呛咳或带金属音的咳嗽应首先考虑A:上呼吸道感染 B:肺部病变早期 C:
患者,男,60岁。全口义齿修复,戴牙3天后诉戴牙后下牙床疼痛。检查:下颌牙槽嵴左
当招标人要求总包人对其发包的专业工程既进行总承包管理和协调,又要求提供相应配合服
婴儿期感染性疾病多见,多是由于什么减少A、IgG B、IgE C、IgA
最新回复
(
0
)