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Although French, German, American and British pioneers have all been credite

游客2023-10-15  36
问题     Although French, German, American and British pioneers have all been credited with the invention of cinema, the British and the Germans played a relatively small role in its worldwide exploitation. It was above all the French, followed closely by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia. In terms of artistic development it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead, though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part.
    【B1】______By protecting their own market and pursuing a vigorous export policy, the Americans achieved a dominant position on the world market by the start of the First World War.
    The centre of film-making had moved westwards, to Hollywood, and it was films from these new Hollywood studios that flooded onto the world’s film markets in the years after the First World War, and have done so ever since. Faced with total Hollywood domination, few film industries proved competitive. The Italian industry, which had pioneered the feature film with spectacular films like Quo Vadis?(1913)and Cabiria(1914), almost collapsed. In Scandinavia, the Swedish cinema had a brief period of glory, notably with powerful epic films and comedies. Even the French cinema found itself in a difficult position. In Europe, only Germany proved industrially capable, while in the new Soviet Union and in Japan, the development of the cinema took place in conditions of commercial isolation.
    【B2】______Hollywood films appealed because they had better-constructed narratives, their special effects were more impressive, and the star system added a new dimension to screen acting. If Hollywood did not have enough of its own resources, it had a great deal of money to buy up artists and technical innovations from Europe to ensure its continued dominance over present or future competition.
    【B3】______However, during this "Silent Film" era, animation, comedy, serials and dramatic features continued to thrive, along with factual films or documentaries, which acquired an increasing distinctiveness as the period progressed. It was also at this time that the avant-garde film first achieved commercial success, this time thanks almost exclusively to the French and the occasional German film.
    【B4】______Of these, the French displayed the most continuity, in spite of the war and postwar economic uncertainties. The German cinema, relatively insignificant in the pre-war years, exploded on to the world scene after 1919. Yet even they were both overshadowed by the Soviets after the 1917 Revolution. They turned their back on the past, leaving the style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the Emigres who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.
    【B5】______For example, Britain had an interesting but undistinguished history in the silent period: Italy had a brief moment of international fame just before the war: the Scandinavian countries , particularly Denmark, played a role in the development of silent cinema quite out of proportion to their small population: and Japan’s cinemas developed based primarily on traditional theatrical and, to a lesser extent, other art forms and only gradually adapted to western influence. Questions 61 to 65
Choose from the sentences A—G the one which best fits each gap of 61—65. There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.
A. In rencent years, more and more people enjoyed watching Hollywood films.
B. Film style differs in different countries.
C. Of the countries which developed and maintained distinctive national cinemas in the silent period , the most important were France, Germany and the Soviet Union.
D. There are other countries whose cinemas changed dramatically.
E. Hollywood took the lead artistically as well as industrially.
F. In the end it was the United States that was to become, and remain, the largest single market for films.
G. From early cinema, it was only American slapstick comedy that successfully developed in both short and feature format. [br] 【B3】
选项
答案 G
解析 空后一句说“但是，在这个无声电影时期”，however和句中代词this都表明前一句在讲无声电影。所以G选项“在电影业发展初期，只有无声喜剧以短小特色的形式取得了成功”放在此处使上下文意连贯。
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