首页
登录
职称英语
Ever since the early days of modern computing in the 1940s, the biological me
Ever since the early days of modern computing in the 1940s, the biological me
游客
2023-10-14
11
管理
问题
Ever since the early days of modern computing in the 1940s, the biological metaphor has been irresistible. The first computers—room-size behemoths—were referred to as "giant brains" or " electronic brains," in headlines and everyday speech. As computers improved and became capable of some tasks familiar to humans, like playing chess, the term used was "artificial intelligence". DNA, it is said, is the original software.
For the most part, the biological metaphor has long been just that—a simplifying analogy rather than a blueprint for how to do computing. Engineering, not biology, guided the pursuit of artificial intelligence. As Frederick Jelinek, a pioneer in speech recognition, put it, "airplanes don’t flap their wings. "
Yet the principles of biology are gaining ground as a tool in computing. The shift in thinking results from advances in neuroscience and computer science, and from the prod of necessity.
The physical limits of conventional computer designs are within sight—not today or tomorrow, but soon enough. Nanoscale circuits cannot shrink much further. Today’ s chips are power hogs, running hot, which curbs how much of a chip’ s circuitry can be used. These limits loom as demand is accelerating for computing capacity to make sense of a surge of new digital data from sensors, online commerce, social networks, video streams and corporate and government databases.
To meet the challenge, without gobbling the world ’ s energy supply, a different approach will be needed. And biology, scientists say, promises to contribute more than metaphors. " Every time we look at this, biology provides a clue as to how we should pursue the frontiers of computing," said John E. Kelly, the director of research at IBM.
Dr. Kelly points to Watson, the question-answering computer that can play "Jeopardy!" and beat two human champions earlier this year. IBM’s clever machine consumes 85, 000 watts of electricity, while the human brain runs on just 20 watts. "Evolution figured this out," Dr. Kelly said.
Several biologically inspired paths are being explored by computer scientists in universities and corporate laboratories worldwide. One project, a collaboration of computer scientists and neuroscientists begun three years ago has been encouraging enough that in August it won a $21 million round of government financing. In recent months, the team has developed prototype "neurosynaptic" microprocessors, or chips that operate more like neurons and synapses than like conventional semiconductors.
Questions 56 ~ 60
Complete the table using no more than three words for each blank.
[br]
选项
答案
energy efficient
解析
文章倒数第三段提到,“为了应对这一挑战,在不吞噬全球能源供应的前提下,我们需要采取不同的方法”。由此可知,为满足不断增长的需求,计算机需要更加节能。故填入energy efficient。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3098300.html
相关试题推荐
[img]2016m12s/ct_eyyjscz2016j_eyyjsccloze_0121_201611[/img]Modernsocietye
[img]2016m12s/ct_eyyjscz2016j_eyyjsccloze_0121_201611[/img]Modernsocietye
[img]2016m12s/ct_eyyjscz2016j_eyyjsccloze_0121_201611[/img]Modernsocietye
______,computerhasplayedanimportantroleinmodernlife.A、Whatisknownto
Modernlifestylesmeanthatmanyparentshavelittletimefortheirchildren.Man
Beforemodernscience,peopleusedplantsnotonlytocureallkindsofd
Beforemodernscience,peopleusedplantsnotonlytocureallkindsofd
Beforemodernscience,peopleusedplantsnotonlytocureallkindsofd
Beforemodernscience,peopleusedplantsnotonlytocureallkindsofd
Thenovelfromwhich"allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes"refersto______.A、Th
随机试题
[originaltext](32)Theworld’sfirstcompletelyautomaticrailwayhasbeenb
A—midfieldB—backfieldC—cheerteamD—shootE—cornerhall
CelebrateMardiGrasinNewOrleans
甲公司是一家在上海证券交易所上市的大型国有集团公司,主要从事M产品的生产与销售,
某学生在参加1500米跑比赛时,途中突然出现左上腹部胀痛可能原因是()。A
切片可见同心性环状维管束的是A.何首乌 B.大黄 C.细辛 D.秦
治疗窦性心动过速的最佳药物是A.普萘洛尔 B.肾上腺素 C.咖啡因 D.异
A公司长期以来一直是某总装厂的主要配件供货单位,最近该总装厂向供应商提出了提供过
某企业实施新的管理方法,并进行生产方式的革新,这属于技术改造层次中的()。
下列压缩机中,属于容积型压缩机的是( )A.滑片式 B.往复式 C.螺杆式
最新回复
(
0
)