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  3. Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivi

Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivi

游客2023-10-14  28
问题        Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values.Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.
       The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States.In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.
       While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression."Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored." says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee."Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers.Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education.Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."
       But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyles."In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households.Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell.In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
       Nowadays, the traditional work-moral values of the Japanese are sharply【A1】_________.Although Japan has fulfilled its economic needs, the young just don’t know where they should go next.The opportunities of the teenagers have also been【A2】_________because of the postwar baby boom and the entry of women.Very few Japanese students and workers【A3】_________their life.The 【A4】_________of the education towards personality, ability, courage or humanity leads kids to drop out and run wild.Mitsuo Setoyama argued that the "Japanese morality of respect for parents" had been 【A5】_________because of the liberal reforms. [br] 【A2】
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答案 limited
解析 文章第二段第一句提到，“战后婴儿潮以及女性进入男性主导的劳动力市场使得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人牺牲”。由此可知，青少年的机会是有限的。因此，应填入limited。
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