首页
登录
职称英语
In this section, you will hear part of a lecture on research methods. The passag
In this section, you will hear part of a lecture on research methods. The passag
游客
2023-10-13
43
管理
问题
In this section, you will hear part of a lecture on research methods. The passage will be read twice.
For questions 21 -30, complete the sentences and notes. Write no more than three words for each answer. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.
Questions 21-23: [br] The lecture will be useful for students who are writing______.
In this section, you will hear part of a lecture on research methods. The passage will be read twice. For questions 21 -30, complete the sentences and notes in no more than three words for each answer. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to this auxiliary lecture on research methods. This lecture is not aimed specifically at one particular course but is a general lecture that will be relevant to any student who must conduct research into a topic for his or her course. For most of you, this will be the research that you need to do in order to write your dissertations and thesis.
It has been said that first world societies are no longer industrial societies but information societies. That is, our major problems and tasks no longer mainly centre on the production of goods and services necessary for survival and comfort, but rather require a prompt and accurate flow of information on preferences, needs and behaviour. This is why surveys today are regarded as being so important.
What, then, is a survey? Today the word survey is used most often to describe a method of gathering information from a sample of individuals. This way, the results can be projected from the sample to the larger population.
An important consideration at the start is to decide how large a survey to perform. The sample size required for a survey partly depends on the statistical quality needed, and the size of the total population of the area in question.
I’d like now to look at some of the types of surveys available to us, and the focus here will be on methods for surveying individuals and companies. Mail, telephone interview, and in person in interview surveys are the most common types of surveys. In person interviews can be conducted in offices, homes or on the street.
Mail surveys are relatively cheap to conduct, but obtaining a decent response rate is the major problem with them. Mail surveys are usually most effective when directed at particular groups, such as subscribers to a specialized magazine or members of a professional association.
Telephone interviews are an efficient method of collecting some types of data and are being used increasingly. They lend themselves particularly well to situations where timeliness is a factor and the length of the survey is limited. For students such as you, though, cost will be an issue. In person interviews in a respondent’s home or office are good when complex information is to be collected, but they can involve a great deal of travelling around. Street interviews are also useful as they are easy to do, but the sampling is not very scientific. We also need to look at the content of surveys, which can focus on opinions and attitudes or on factual characteristics or behaviour. Many surveys combine two types of questions: open ended questions, for example, " why do you feel that way?" or closed, for example, "Do you approve or disapprove?" Questionnaires may be very brief, consisting of a few questions, and take five minutes or less-or they can be quite long-requiring an hour or more of the respondent’s time. Also because changes in attitudes or behaviour cannot be reliably ascertained from a single interview, some surveys employ a " panel design," in which the same respondents are interviewed on two or more occasions.
There are also certain ethics to be looked at in conducting surveys. Some of you will realize that the information you compile is probably of value to companies operating in that particular sector. Therefore, you must always bear in mind a few guidelines. Surveys should be carried out solely to compile statistical information about a subject. They should not be designed to produce predetermined results or as a ruse for marketing and similar activities. The industry standard for all reputable survey organizations is that individual respondents should never be identified when survey findings are reported. All of the survey’s results should be presented in completely anonymous summaries, such as statistical tables and charts.
选项
答案
dissertations and thesis
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3094666.html
相关试题推荐
SummaryListentothepassage.Forquestions26~30,completethenotesusin
DictationListentothepassage.Forquestions21~25,fillintheblankswi
DictationListentothepassage.Forquestions21~25,fillintheblankswi
DictationListentothepassage.Forquestions21~25,fillintheblankswi
WhatistheaimofTheresaMay’splan?[br][originaltext]Inthissection,you
WhatistheaimofTheresaMay’splan?[br][originaltext]Inthissection,you
Howdidresearchersworkoutthelistoftheworld’smostinfluentiallanguages?
ThiswastheperiodwhenNewtonbegantheresearchwhichresultedinthecreatio
Manystudentsfindtheexperienceofattendinguniversitylecturestobe
Manystudentsfindtheexperienceofattendinguniversitylecturestobe
随机试题
巴拉克-奥巴马总统上个月在对美国进步中心的一场演讲中提到,经济不公是“我们这个时代的决定性挑战”。【T1】他提出,不公平是危险的,不仅仅是因为不美观,更是
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaytoexpressy
Thefollowingisapartsofanindex(索引).Afterreadingit,youarerequiredto
影响速动比率可信性的重要因素是存货的变现能力。()
刺钢丝分为普通型P和加强型。()
氯丙嗪所致体位性低血压不能选用的药物为A、甲氧明 B、肾上腺素 C、去甲肾上
关于尿微量白蛋白的叙述,下列错误的是A.用蛋白定性的化学方法不能检出B.多采用免
共用题干 ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutantsChild
下列生活常识中,表述错误的是()A.药物大多饭后服用,是为了减少对胃肠道的刺
推动形成绿色发展方式和生活方式,加强生态环境保护建设,必须加快构建的三条红线是(
最新回复
(
0
)