首页
登录
职称英语
Eysenck’s research strategy begins by dividing the elements of personality i
Eysenck’s research strategy begins by dividing the elements of personality i
游客
2023-10-12
57
管理
问题
Eysenck’s research strategy begins by dividing the elements of personality into various units that can be arranged hierarchically. The basic structure in this scheme is the specific response level, which consists of specific behaviors. For example, if we watch a man spend the afternoon talking and laughing with friends, we would be observing a specific response.
If this man spends many afternoons each week having a good time with friends, we have evidence for the second level in Eysenck’s model, a habitual response. But it is likely that this man doesn’t limit himself to socializing just in the afternoon and just with these friends. Suppose this man also devotes a large part of his weekends and quite a few evenings to his social life. If you watch long e-nough, you might find that he lives for social gatherings, discussion groups, parties, and so on. You might conclude, in Eysenck’s terms, that this person exhibits the trait of sociability. Finally, Eysenck argues that traits such as sociability are part of a still larger dimension of personality. That is, people who are sociable also tend to be impulsive, active, lively, and excitable. All these traits combine to form the supertrait Eysenck calls extraversion.
How many of these supertraits are there? Originally, Eysenck’s factor analytic research yielded evidence for two basic dimensions that could subsume all other traits: extraversion- introversion and neuroticism. Because the dimensions are independent of one another, people who score on the extraversion end of the first dimension can score either high or low on the second dimension. Further, someone who scores high on extraversion and low on neuroticism possesses different traits than does a person who scores high on both extraversion and neuroticism.
Where do you suppose you fall in this model? If you are the prototypic extravert, then Eysenck describes you as " outgoing, impulsive and uninhibited, having many social contacts and frequently taking part in group activities". An introvert is "a quiet, retiring sort of person, introspective, fond of books rather than people". Of course, most people fall somewhere between these two extremes, but each of us is perhaps a little more of one than the other.
Eysenck argues that extraverts and introverts differ not only in terms of behavior but also in their physiological makeup. Eysenck originally maintained that extraverts and introverts have different levels of cerebral cortex arousal when in a nonstimulating, resting state. Although it may sound backward at first, he proposed that extraverts generally have a lower level of cortical arousal than do introverts. Extraverts seek out highly arousing social behavior because their cortical arousal is well below their desired level when doing nothing. In a sense, highly extraverted people are simply trying to avoid unpleasant boredom. Their problem is feeding their need for stimulation. Introverts have the opposite problem. They typically operate at an above-optimal cortical arousal level. These people select solitude and nonstimulating environments in an effort to keep their already high arousal level from becoming too aversive.
Unfortunately, a great deal of research has failed to uncover the different levels of base- rate cortical arousal proposed by Eysenck. For example, introverts and extraverts show no differences in brain-wave activity when at rest or when asleep. But this does not mean that Eysenck’s original theorizing was entirely off base. Rather, there is ample evidence that introverts are more sensitive to stimulation than extraverts are. Introverts are even more responsive than extraverts when exposed to chemical stimulants, such as caffeine or nicotine.
Consequently, many researchers now describe extraverts and introverts in terms of their different sensitivity to stimulation, rather than the different base rate of cortical activity Eysenck proposed. However, the effect is essentially the same. Because of physiological differences, introverts are more quickly overwhelmed by the stimulation of a crowded social gathering, whereas extraverts are likely to find the same gathering rather pleasant.
Questions 56 to 60
Mark each statement as either true(T)or false(F)according to the passage. [br] The physiological differences between introverts and extraverts are believed existing by few researchers nowadays.( )
选项
A、TRUE
B、FALSE
答案
B
解析
最后一段最后一句作者指出“由于生理方面的不同,内向的人在拥挤的社交场合很快便会变得无所适从,而外向的人则会相当享受这样的场合”,并未提到“目前几乎没有人相信内向者和外向者生理方面不同的存在”。故题干有误。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3092108.html
相关试题推荐
Perhapsquickestwaytounderstandtheelementsofwhata【M1】______novelis
Perhapsquickestwaytounderstandtheelementsofwhata【M1】______novelis
Perhapsquickestwaytounderstandtheelementsofwhata【M1】______novelis
Perhapsquickestwaytounderstandtheelementsofwhata【M1】______novelis
Perhapsquickestwaytounderstandtheelementsofwhata【M1】______novelis
Hewillhavetogiveuphisresearchwork,becausehesuffersfrom______vision.A
Hewillhavetogiveuphisresearchwork,becausehesuffersfrom______vision.A
Hewillhavetogiveuphisresearchwork,becausehesuffersfrom______vision.A
Inadditiontohelpingthosecurrentlyinprison,researchersattheInnocenceP
Hewillhavetogiveuphisresearchwork,becausehesuffersfrom______vision.A
随机试题
Itisquitecommonforaworkingmantomake______forhisoldagebyputtinga
TheUseofDramaTextsintheLanguageClassroomI.【T1】______ofdrama【T1】______
A公司为一家篮球俱乐部,2×17年1月与B公司签订合同,约定B公司有权在未来两年
老年患者突然发生寒战、高热、咳嗽、咳痰,痰粘稠,砖红色,胶冻状,引起感染最可能的
学生赵某在学校读初三。由于父母不合,赵某从小在家长的打骂声中长大。他经常逃学,和
下列各项中,不属于商业助学贷款对象的是()。A:全日制本专科生 B:第二学士学
如果进行卖出套期保值,结束保值交易的有利时机是()。A.当期货价格最高时
关于法律适用的步骤,下列哪些选项是正确的?()A.三段论推理是法律人适用法律最
抗肿瘤药物在杀死肿瘤细胞的同时,也伤害正常细胞的原因是A.剂量与疗程 B.病人
气缸内有一定量的理想气体,先使气体做等压膨胀,直至体积加倍,然后做绝热膨胀,直至
最新回复
(
0
)