首页
登录
职称英语
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging
游客
2023-09-13
12
管理
问题
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modem lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities (自治城市) went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the 19th century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends (股息) and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had. seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal (家长的) system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. [br] The growth of limited liability companies resulted in the separation of______.
选项
答案
capital from management
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3010957.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Inthe18thcenturyFrencheconomistsprotestedtheexcessive
[originaltext]Inthe18thcenturyFrencheconomistsprotestedtheexcessive
Duringthenineteenthcentury,whenlittlewasknownaboutenvironmentalism
【B1】[br]【B18】A、wideningB、looseningC、highlightingD、enlargingBwiden“放宽,扩展”;l
Lastyear,ournation’scapitalpassedthemurder-a-daymark,andthenumber
【B1】[br]【B7】A、ofB、forC、beyondD、intoD由空格后的20thcenturyworld及与之相搭配的动词lead来看
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
[originaltext]Inthiscentury,photographshavebeenreallyimportantfort
随机试题
RobSapp,27,fromKent,lovedgameswhenhewasattendingschool.Infact,
ManyofhiscolleagueseventuallyagreedthatEinstein’stheorywastenable.A、te
WhatissoontoopeninChina?[br][originaltext]W:Goodmorning,Mr.Lombard.
HowtoSurviveaLayoffYou’velostyourjob,butit
银行可以通过项目评估依据借款人投资的未来现金流状况发放中长期贷款的资产管理理论是
合同订立过程中,属于要约失效的情形是()。A.承诺通知到达要约人 B.受
A.赖氨酸B.丙氨酸C.谷氨酸D.亮氨酸E.脯氨酸属于酸性氨基酸的是
可以施行灌肠的急腹症是A、结肠套叠早期 B、绞窄性肠梗阻 C、肠穿孔 D、
某足球赛决赛,共有24个队参加,它们先分成六个小组进行循环赛,决出16强,这16
A.慢性浅表性胃炎 B.A型胃炎 C.B型胃炎 D.急性单纯性胃炎 E.
最新回复
(
0
)