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  3. Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteen century when coke w

Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteen century when coke w

游客2023-09-12  25
问题     Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteen century when coke was first used【B1】______ of charcoal for refining iron ore. Previously the poor【B2】______ of the iron had restricted its use in architecture to items such as chains and tie bars for supporting arches, vaults, and walls. With the【B3】______ in refining ore, it was now possible to make cast-iron beams, columns, and girders. During the nineteenth century further【B4】______ were made, notably Bessemer’s process for converting iron into steel, which made the material more commercially viable.
    Iron was rapidly【B5】______ for the construction of bridges, because its【B6】______ was far greater than that of stone or timber, but its use in the architecture of buildings developed more slowly. By 1800 a complete internal iron skeleton for buildings had been developed in【B7】______ architecture replacing traditional timber beams, but it【B8】______ remained concealed. Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron as a building material lay in its strength, its resistance to fire, and its potentialtospan vast areas. As a result,【B9】______ , but it was invariably concealed.
    Significantly, the use of exposed iron occurred mainly in the new building types spawned by the Industrial Revolution: in factories, warehouses, commercial offices, exhibition hall, and railroad stations,【B10】______ .Iron, despite its structural advantages, had little aesthetic status.【B11】______ . [br] 【B5】
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