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  3. Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC ag

Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC ag

游客2023-09-12  31
问题     Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost ＄ 26 a barrel, up from less than ＄10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979- 80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
    The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
    Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to beless severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s.
    Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in-the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, its oil prices averaged ＄ 22 a barrel for a full year, compared with ＄13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25- 0.5% of GDP. That is less than one quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies —to which heavy industry has shifted --have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
    One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. [br] The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ______.
选项 A、global inflation
B、reduction in supply
C、fast growth in economy
D、Iraq’s suspension of exports
答案 B
解析 文中第二段的第一句说，“The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended Oil exports．Strengthening economic growth，at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere，could push the price higher still in the short term．”这句话是解决这个问题的关键，因为伊拉克暂缓石油出口，以及冬天的到来都是促使油价上升的主要原因，因为这样石油储备就比较少了，这样B就是正确的答案。而A全球通货膨胀是70年代石油短缺的主要原因，D只是一个例子，而不是说明整个结果，因此 B是正确答案。
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