首页
登录
职称英语
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlar
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlar
游客
2023-09-11
38
管理
问题
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. An old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy(官撩主义) of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities (大城市) went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners, and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastborne sprang up to house large. "Confinable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. [br] The author is most critical of______.
选项
A、managers
B、landowners
C、family film owners
D、shareholders
答案
D
解析
最后一段作者一直在用批判的语气描写 shareholders。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3004602.html
相关试题推荐
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
随机试题
AlthoughIfeltsuspiciousatfirst,Ihavecometobelievewhatshesaidthatd
SheikhHasinainsistedthatshe______.[br][originaltext]TheformerPrim
HighDropoutRateinUSManyyoungpeopleintheUni
Smoking,whichmaybeapleasureforsomepeople,isaserioussourceofd
某上交所上市公司年度报告期内盈利且累计未分配利润为正,现金红利总额(包括中期已分
肾小球性蛋白尿中的主要蛋白质是( )。A.α2-MG B.转铁蛋白 C.白
下列建筑可不设置消防电梯()。A.建筑高度大于33m的住宅建筑 B.一类高层
1898年6月23日,光绪帝下令废除(),改试时务策论,规定以后一切考试取士均
冬虫夏草的药用部位为A.子座 B.子实体 C.幼虫尸体 D.子座和幼虫尸体
水飞的目的是A.去除杂质,洁净药物 B.除去药物中可溶于水的毒性物质 C.使
最新回复
(
0
)