首页
登录
职称英语
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlar
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlar
游客
2023-09-11
48
管理
问题
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. An old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy(官撩主义) of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities (大城市) went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners, and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastborne sprang up to house large. "Confinable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. [br] The author is most critical of______.
选项
A、managers
B、landowners
C、family film owners
D、shareholders
答案
D
解析
最后一段作者一直在用批判的语气描写 shareholders。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3004602.html
相关试题推荐
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
随机试题
[originaltext]Inpublicspeaking,thewatchwordispreparation.Mostofus
Einsteinisregardedas______.(20世纪最杰出的科学家之一)oneofthemostoutstandingsci
[originaltext]Beethovenprobablybegantogodeafin1797,buthetriedto
患者,男性,45岁。近日诊断为高血压,饮食护理中食盐摄入量应是A.
皮亚杰认为,个体的认知结构是通过哪两个过程的循环而不断发展?()A.调整过程
取得建造师资格证书并经( )后,方有资格以建造师名义担任建设工程项目施工的项目经
下边四个图形中,只有一个是由上边的四个图形拼合(只能通过上、下、左、右平移)而成
《素问*水热穴论》称为“胃之关”的是A.脾 B.肾 C.贲门 D.幽门
不属于亲子关系本质的是()A.自然的血缘关系 B.人伦道德关系 C.
HAMA主要适用于评定( )。A.神经症性焦虑 B.精神病性焦虑 C.神经
最新回复
(
0
)