首页
登录
职称英语
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlar
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlar
游客
2023-09-11
33
管理
问题
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. An old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy(官撩主义) of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities (大城市) went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners, and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastborne sprang up to house large. "Confinable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. [br] It’s true of the family firms that______.
选项
A、they’ were spoiled by the younger generations
B、they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers
C、they lacked efficiency
D、they lacked individual initiative
答案
C
解析
第一段中"An old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy(官僚主 ) of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so c
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3004599.html
相关试题推荐
Ironproductionwasrevolutionizedintheearlyeighteencenturywhencokew
Ironproductionwasrevolutionizedintheearlyeighteencenturywhencokew
Ironproductionwasrevolutionizedintheearlyeighteencenturywhencokew
Ironproductionwasrevolutionizedintheearlyeighteencenturywhencokew
Ironproductionwasrevolutionizedintheearlyeighteencenturywhencokew
[originaltext]RoberSpring,a19thcenturyforger,wassogoodathisprofe
[originaltext]RoberSpring,a19thcenturyforger,wassogoodathisprofe
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
随机试题
南京长江大桥是长江上首座由中国设计、采用国产材料建造的铁路、公路两用桥,上层的4车道公路桥长4589米,下层的双轨道铁路桥长6772米。铁路桥连接原来的
Norms:TypesandAcceptanceSociologists
根据国家有关标准,安全标志是用以表达特定安全信息的标志,由图形符号、安全色、几何
颅内高压症所致呕吐的特点是A.喷射性,无恶心,呕吐后不轻松 B.喷射性,无恶心
对气单胞菌属生物特点叙述正确的是A.氧化酶(-),触酶(+)B.氧化酶(+),触
原卫生部《医药卫生中长期人才发展规划(2011-2020年)》提出有重点地分步培
结肠损伤后多行肠外置或造口术的原因是A.肠内容物细菌多,术后感染发生率高 B.
2009年5月2日,甲公司与乙公司签订了货物买卖合同。合同签订后,甲公司于6月
A.抑制氨基酰-tRNA与原核细胞核蛋白体A位结合 B.抑制真核生物核蛋白体转
下列不属于环境影响预测方法的是( )。A.数学模式法 B.类比调查法 C.
最新回复
(
0
)