2. 职称英语
  3. That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but

That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but

游客2023-09-11  25
问题     That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.  So-called intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.
    Practice (or review) tens to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
    In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer. For example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species.
    Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forgets is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance. [br] From the evolutionary point of view, ______.
选项 A、the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individual’s adaptability
B、if a person gets very forgetful of a sudden he must be very adaptive
C、forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously in adaptive
D、sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences
答案 D
解析 本题从进化论的角度，对遗忘进行讨论。仔细阅读短文的第二段"Yet，dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive．”对选项进行比较，可以得知D为正确答案。
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